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  • Settlement location decisions in a frontier region reflect both the economic and cultural variables. Distance and environmental quality are two economic variables and both are also appropriate in analyses of migration and of economic change
  • The environmental problems of Benin arise from unplanned land use, and weak development control. A holistic approach is necessary involving both the chiefs and the ordinary citizen. - (EMS)
  • Examines the problems of planning for Apartheid in South Africa in both the rural and urban areas, with pointers to change in a post-Apartheid society. - (AJC)
  • The vegetation changes during the later Quaternary of the Winterberg escarpment area are presented. It is shown that both climatic change and human-induced change have been important influences on the development of plant communities in the region.
  • The high growth rate of urban population has brought many problems. To solve these, the authors suggest that at both macro-and micro-level governement policy should be combined with public participation. (EMS).
  • An examination of the models of public finance geography developed in North America reveals their shortcomings in southern Africa on both theoretical and data bases. (AJC).
  • Mean data from 200 stations in South Africa have been used to determine month-by-month rainfall changes. From this the progress of both the Summer and Winter rainfall seasons is traced. (W. A. Nieman).
  • The presidential address of a conference on Geography and Planning held in Nigeria, in which it is made clear that trained Nigerian geographers have a valuable contribution to make both in the Civil Service and in the private sector of the economy
  • Migration into the south-west brings problems in both urban and rural areas, and has political implications. (EMS).
  • This present study was to obtain information on moisture retention and release curves using both physical and chemical properties of the soils. The second objective was to advance the understanding of the physico/chemical behaviour of the soils
  • A constant-market-share model of exports is used to study trends in Nigeria's exports between 1971 and 1975. In this period manufactured exports declined relative both to the country's total exports, and in absolute terms. The author attempts
  • The economic spaces available for penetration by women in South Africa are shaped by two overlapping structures of domination which create a division of labour moulded by cleavages of both race and sex. Against this background changing patterns
  • A study of contemporary pollen rain on the Nyika Plateau reveals that both pollen hap and surface spectra reflect the present day vegetation pattern very closely. Fossil pollen spectra can be expected to give a good indication of regional changes
  • The factorial ecology approach to urban analysis has recently been subject to widespread criticism. These criticisms have focussed both on the conceptual foundation of factorial ecology and on the application of factorial techniques to problems
  • Ghana and Nigeria are included in a general article on the effects, both social and economic, of the use of containers and pallets instead of break-bulk methods in ports in African countries. New methods could reduce congestion in particular
  • The Danagla belong to the most active ethnic groups in the Sudan. Though they have completely dropped their agricultural background and adopted an entirely urban character, they still have close contacts both to each other in town and to their home
  • The drought has led to the development of small irrigated fields fed by pumps. The success of this system has in turn led to the setting up of large-scale irrigation schemes by both public and private sectors, to the extent that 35 000 ha are now
  • probabilities| and, secondly, an entropy-maximizing type to predict migration destination totals. The results obtained by both submodels were encouraging. (AJC).
  • A range of land-use and planning theory that might be used as a basis for both understanding and changing the South African urban world is critically examined. The emphasis is laid upon the politico-economic bases of urban land-use and planning