This article reviews state-of-the-art algorithms for estimating land surface biogeophysical variables in optical remote sensing (from the visible to the thermal infrared spectrum) to stimulate the development of new algorithms and to utilize
Use of terrain variables for mapping gully erosion susceptibility in Lebanon
This paper predicts the geographic distribution and size of gullies across central Lebanon using a geographic information system (GIS) and terrain analysis. Eleven primary and three secondary topographic variables were generated and used along
with digital data collected from other sources (soil, geology) to statistically explain gully erosion field measurements. Three tree-based regression models were developed using different variables. The best regression tree model combined the steady-state
topographic wetness and sediment transport capacity indices and explained 80% of the variability in field gully measurements.
Traditional and geographic box plots of one hypothetical and two real-world geographic variables are constructed and compared to illustrate the often marked differences between traditional and geographic box plots of the same geographic variables
. The real-world geographic variables considered here are human population density (in the year 2000) within the contiguous 48 United States and five-year-average (January 2001 - December 2005) air temperature over the Artic land surface. Discussion
This paper studies the change of streamflow and the impact of climatic variability conditions on regional hydrological cycle in the headwater of the Tarim River Basin. This study investigates possible causes of observed trends in streamflow
in an environment which is highly variable in terms of atmospheric conditions, and where snow and ice melt play an important role in the natural hydrological regime.
Relation between vegetation changes, climate variables and land-use policy in Shaanxi Province, China
Agricultural land use ; China ; Climate ; Climatic variability ; Land use ; Loess ; Plateau ; Remote sensing ; Shaanxi ; Vegetation ; Vegetation dynamics ; Vegetation index ; Years 2000-2009
This study investigates relationships among land use, overall vegetation production, and climate variability in Shaanxi Province between 2000 and 2004. The data in this assessment include remote sensing information from moderate-resolution imaging
Regional variability of volcanic ash soils in south Ecuador : the relation with parent material, climate and land use
In this high Andes region, the land use changes affect particularly the páramo. The AA. analyse the regional variability of the soils in the south Ecuadorian rio Paute basin. Data from soil profiles along north-south transects are used to determine
the soil properties, and to relate the spatial variability of these properties to the major trends in parent material, volcanic ash deposits and climate. The impact of human activities on the soil properties is assessed in a case study in the Machangara
Caspienne Sea ; European part of Russia ; Forecast ; Interannual variability ; Kara-Bogaz-Gol ; Sea level ; Water budget
This article deals with problems of variability level of the Caspian Sea. It examines whether an erroneous prognosis can influence solution of the problem and whether can cause huge damages. And it also mentions non-periodical sea sway, increasing
and decreasing water level fluctuations, which can cause short-time increases or decreases the caspian Sea Level, as well as the main causes of the Caspian Sea variability level, formulation of prognoses and impacts of the level fluctuation. - (EN)
Agroclimatology ; Cereal ; Climatic change ; Ethiopia ; Geographical information system ; Model ; Precipitation ; Seasonal variability
is analysed by comparing daily rainfall data from 4 stations in 2 periods, 1963 to 1982 and 1984 to 2003, for changes in totals, seasonal distribution and variability. In spite of a greater variability in rainfall the farmers proved their knowledge
Climatic trend ; Climatic variability ; Model ; Periglacial features ; Permafrost ; Snow cover ; Soil properties ; Temperature ; Thermal regime
With a variable or changing climate, short-term energy imbalances between the active layer and permafrost result in transient departures from the equilibrium condition. This study examines the effects of such variability on an equilibrium permafrost
Causes and underlying processes of measurement variability in field erosion plots in Mediterranean conditions
slopes. The aim of this paper is to determine the causes and explain the processes which provoke measurement variability of data in these 3 cases. Several examples are presented concerning : differences in long-term soil erosion data between open
Evaluation de l'influence de l'échelle spatiale sur les variables biologiques des formations herbacées et les indices de végétation. Etude des relations entre les échelles dérivées des variables biologiques, facteurs d'environnement et indices de