Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in a restored peat bog in Northwest Germany
The article deals with terms of peat decomposition, bog restoration, UV-Vis spectroscopy, restoration success, humic acid and fulvic acid fraction. The study was carried out in the Pietzmoor in Northwest Germany. - (IfL)
Tracking Restorative Components: Patterns in Eye Movements as a Consequence of a Restorative Rating Task
Eye tracking ; Green space ; Landscape ; Nature conservation ; Perception ; Photography ; Urban park ; landscape architecture ; pocket park ; restoration ; vision
and trees, participants look at when evaluating restoration likelihood. Further, we compare number of fixations in restorative and non-restorative park photos. Photos were selected based on ratings of low and high likelihood of restoration. Participants were
asked to imagine themselves in need of restoration. Photos were presented for 10 seconds each. In contrast to studies adapting a free viewing approach, the present study shows that image properties such as contrast and colour did not attract attention
; instead participants looked at components that were of importance for assessing restoration likelihood. The components participants looked at the most were trees, followed by benches and bushes. This presents new information on people's view patterns
in relation to the task of rating restoration likelihood. In addition, relations between the park components at which participants looked the most and the ratings on restoration likelihood were explored. As expected, we found a positive correlation between
grass and restoration likelihood. The relations were negative for all other variables, although not significant. The negative relations were rather unexpected, and possible explanations for them are discussed. Finally, we analysed the association between
number of fixations and restoration likelihood ratings, and no correlation was found.
Philosophical concerns about restoring landscapes often revolve around two, connected, issues. First is the idea that a restored lanscape, even if it is a perfect replica, has lost some of its value. The second problem highlighted in philosophical
debates is that the greater the success of restoration projects, the more threatened natural landscapes become. The A. discusses two opposing potential responses to these claims : that humans are part of nature and thus cannot be an alien dominating force
River of dreams : on the gulf between theoretical and practical aspects of an upland river restoration
This paper is concerned with development and application of a conceptual model of the river restoration process and, through a specific case study, a demonstration of the challenges that arise when combining ecological and geomorphological
principles with social and economic issues. This, it demonstrates the difference between the ideal goals of river restoration and the practical determinants of the nature of a river restoration that derive from individual and community goals.
Eden, Earth Day, and Ecology: Landscape Restoration as Metaphor and Mission
Earth Day ; Ecological restoration ; Ecology ; Eden ; Landscape ; Man-environment relations ; Nature conservation ; Philosophy ; Value system ; Wilderness ; ecology ; landscape restoration
This paper sketches the religious roots of landscape restoration, showing how it morphed from a theological to an environmental agenda, while retaining the fervour of a sacred mission. In the aftermath of Lynn White, Jr.’s ‘Historical Roots of Our
Ecologic Crisis’ (1967) and the Earth Day reform mission (1970), convergent redemptive philosophies realigned ecotheology and landscape restoration along Franciscan lines, shedding commandments to subdue and conquer for injunctions to live in harmony
with nature. Previously condemned as the antithesis of Eden, wilderness was transformed from dreaded chaos into a redemptive realm that led ecological restorers to idealise and worship supposedly virgin scenes. Instead of getting civilised, wild landscapes
were treasured as locales of spiritual and bodily renewal. Favoured locales defiled by human occupance and imprint were restored to simulated wildness. Perceived analogies with archaeology, art, architecture and medicine further shape the aims
and conventions of landscape restoration, widening enduring and unavoidable gulfs between restoration intention and performance, precept and practice.
Historical perspectives on river restoration design in the USA
Classification ; Concept ; Ecological restoration ; History of sciences ; Hydrosystem ; Numerical model ; Stream
River restoration as a science needs to balance numerical analysis with a more general systems understanding typical of a classification-based approach. Davis' nomenclature and Gilbert’s analytical processes are both necessary to understand
and discuss landscape geomorphology. Similarly, both Rosgen’s classification system, or one like it, and other more analytical, process-based examinations, are necessary for a comprehensive approach to river restoration. It is clear that multiple viewpoints
and approaches triangulate towards a more thorough understanding of a system and will increase the probability of successful restoration. This will most likely include system-wide observation and classification married to numerical process modeling.
This paper illustrates existing stream-channel design strategies and provides examples of their application to specific restorations. Inasmuch as contemporary restoration practice attempts to mimic natural fluvial forms and processes, the issues
Impacts of river restoration on small-wood dynamics in a low-gradient headwater stream
Based on tracing dowels to simulate small wood in 3 study reaches before and after restoration, this study provides a detailed representation of the influence of restoration on small-wood transport and the relative importance of different trapping
Coast 2050 : a new approach to restoration of Louisiana coastal wetlands
This paper outlines the land loss problem in coastal Louisiana, and evaluates the strategic approaches represented in Coast 2050 relative to previous large-scale restoration efforts in Louisiana and elsewhere. Scientists have played key roles
in the development of these plans and this paper will examine appropriate mechanisms for the incorporation of evolving science into the future implementation of wetland restoration in coastal Louisiana.
Soil detachment by overland flow under different vegetation restoration models in the Loess Plateau of China
China ; Ecological restoration ; Erodibility ; Erosion control ; Gully erosion ; Model ; Plant cover ; Shaanxi ; Soil erosion ; Vegetation ; Water erosion
This study was performed to study the effects of vegetation restoration models on soil detachment by overland flow and soil resistance to rill erosion as reflected by rill erodibility and critical shear stress. The undisturbed soil samples were
collected from five 37-year-restored lands of abandoned farmland, korshinsk peashrub land, black locust land, Chinese pine land and mixed forest land of amorpha and Chinese pine. It is shown that vegetation recovery decrease rill erodibility but increase
critical shear stress. Soil cohesion and plant roots have great effect on soil detachment process. Besides, the low rill erodibility in the restored lands always had a low soil detachment capacity, while the critical shear stress in the restored lands
varied non-monotonically with detachment capacity. The mixed forest land of amorpha and Chinese pine was considered as the best restoration model for its important role in reducing soil detachment capacity.
Comparison of active and passive stream restoration : effects on the physical habitats
Biogeography ; Channel geometry ; Denmark ; Ecological restoration ; Fish ; Habitat ; Meander ; Model ; Stream
The AA. compare 2 commonly used methods in small Danish streams to improve the physical condition : re-meandering and passive restoration through cease of maintenance. The investigation included measurement of the physical conditions in 29 stream
reaches covering 4 different groups : 1) re-meandered streams, 2) LDC streams (the least disturbed streams available), 3) passively restored streams (>10 years stop of maintenance) and 4) channelized and non-restored streams. The in-stream habitats were
compared through analysis of the measured physical parameters and by applying a habitat model. The AA. found that re-meandering is a more effective way of re-creating near-natural physical conditions in small streams compared to passive restoration. However
, based on habitat suitability modelling, the change to the physical condition did not translate into improved habitat suitability for young of the year brown trout highlighting the value of using several methods when evaluating restoration success.
Using a historical aerial photograph analysis to inform trout habitat restoration efforts
Aerial photography ; Bank erosion ; Channel geometry ; Ecological restoration ; Erosion control ; Fish ; Habitat ; Photointerpretation ; Riparian vegetation ; Stream ; United States of America ; Utah
Restoration of the upper Strawberry River included bank stabilization techniques because it was assumed that excessive bank erosion was degrading spawning habitat for Bonneville cutthroat trout (BCT). Using a long-term aerial photograph record
as riparian cover increased in the decades before restoration, indicating a process of natural recovery. Furthermore, it was found that the percentage of fine sediment in the streambed before restoration was insufficient to affect BCT spawning success
. The results highlight how a historical analysis can be used to identify the sources of habitat degradation and inform the selection of restoration goals and strategies.
[b1] Intermountain Center for River Rehabilitation and Restoration, Dep. of Watershed Sciences, Utah State Univ., Logan, Etats-Unis
Deterioration processes on archaelogical sites of Chellah and Oudayas (world cultural heritage, Rabat, Morocco) restoration test and recommendations
to introduce an innovative restoration method intended to reduce their progressive degradation. Gravitational instability (e.g. Oudayas) and erosion (e.g. Chellah) from fluvial-littoral geomorphological processes, regional seismicity, and certain anthropic
activities are the main degradation processes to be reduced by following the proposed recommendations. The urban water quality to be used for restoration may require the application of special cements and mortars for restoration. - (NF)
Response of vegetation restoration to climate change and human activities in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region
China ; Climatic change ; Ecological restoration ; Environmental management ; Gansu ; Human impact ; Ningxia ; Shaanxi ; Space time ; Sustainable development ; Vegetation ; Vegetation index
, spatial-temporal distribution and reasons of vegetation restoration, using methods of linear regression, the Hurst Exponent, standard deviation and other methods. From 2000 to 2009, the NDVI of the study area was improved progressively, with a linear
tendency. The vegetation restoration is characterized by 2 fast-growing periods, with an S-shaped increasing curve. Climate change and human activities are 2 driving forces in vegetation restoration; moreover anthropogenic factors such as Grain for Green
Project were the main causes leading to an increasing trend of NDVI on local scale. The Hurst Exponent of NDVI time series shows that the vegetation restoration was sustainable.
Monitoring considerations for a dynamic dune restoration project : Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, British Columbia, Canada.
Biogeomorphology ; British Columbia ; Canada ; Coastal dune ; Coastal environment ; Concept ; Ecological restoration ; Erosion control ; Resilience ; Wind erosion
In this paper, a brief review of key terms and concepts used in the emerging field of dynamic dune restoration is provided and expanded upon with respect to geomorphologic considerations. A case study of a recent dynamic restoration effort
for a research framework to guide the broader restoration project. Recommendations for improving treatment methodologies and monitoring protocols are provided to aid future restoration projects of this nature.
Changes in physico-chemical, microbial and enzymatic activities during restoration of degraded sodic land : Ecological suitability of mixed forest over monoculture plantation
Biogeochemistry ; Ecological restoration ; India ; Land use ; Mixed forest ; Reforestation ; Saline soil ; Soil ; Soil properties ; UttarPradesh
The aim of this study was to determine efficient ecological model for the restoration of degraded sodic land. The bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) reduced during restoration under both, pure
. The results showed that afforestation with multiple tree species restored soil properties more efficiently than monoculture plantations, and is a relatively good option for sustainable rehabilitation of sodic lands.
[b1] Restoration Ecology Group, CSIR-National Research Inst., Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Inde
Mountain restoration : soil and surface wildlife habitat
This article illustrates how mountain wildlife habitat was restored in a devasted area. A strip mine for coal on the east slopes of the Alberta Rockies, occupied its operations by Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, was reclaimed as bighorn habitat.