Flume experiments, in which the middle section of an erosion channel is displaced horizontally, have been conducted to assess the response of streams to horizontal displacement by a strike-slip fault. The experimental erosion channel was developed
in a mixture of sand and clay, at the Hydro-Geomorphology Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan. Downstream degradation and upstream aggradation as a response to horizontal displacement by a strike-slip fault cause local convexity in the longitudinal
profile. The trace of this convexity remained in the roughly continuous longitudinal profile for a long time.
Vertical profiles of the horizontal mass flux of blown sand are investigated experimentally using a passive vertical array in a wind tunnel. This investigation is complemented by the measurements of the longitudinal profiles of mass flux using
a horizontal sand trap. The experiments were conducted with 2 test sands and 5 different stream velocities. A simple equation applicable for both the vertical and the longitudinal sand mass flux variations is introduced and the parameters are estimated from
Altai Mountains ; Amur River ; Caucasus ; Channel geometry ; Fluvial dynamics ; Horizontal movement ; Longitudinal section ; Mountain ; River bed ; Russia ; Stream ; Vertical movement ; Zonality
Profil longitunal et déformations verticales des lits. Types de processus fluviaux et leur zonalité verticale. Types morphodynamiques de lits et déformations horizontales des lits. Equations des profils d'équilibre.
Instrumental surveys of coastal profiles in the Cayman Islands, western Caribbean, reveal the presence of a horizontal erosional bench at + 1.9 m on Grand Cayman and a deep horizontal notch at + 6,4 m on Cayman Brac, but no raised erosional features
on Little Cayman. Each island is surrounded by a horizontal constructional raised reef, usually below + 2 m, here dated by U-series methods as 124,000 8000 yr old, and hence broadly contemporary with other western Atlantic raised reefs of similar elevations
. The different raised erosional features indicate independent vertical tectonic movement of the three islands, predating the formation of the raised reef. The accordance and horizontality of the raised reef indicates stability of the islands, since the last
This software is designed to quantify the roughness of rock surfaces from profiles recorded using either a micro-roughness meter or a simple profile gauge. The roughness index used is the standard deviation of the differences between adjacent height
values recorded as set horizontal intervals. The results are tabulated and presented as deviograms which display both the magnitude and scale of roughness. The spreadsheet used was Quattro-Pro for Windows, version 1.00.
Courbure de plan ; Courbure-courbe de niveau ; Géographie physique ; Géomorphométrie ; Profil de versant ; Profilhorizontal ; Versant
For 27hillslope profiles located within four first-order drainage basins on the dip slope of the South Downs in East Sussex, contour curvature (P), measured in degrees per 100m, is highly variable within any one hillslope. Hillslopes may
be described as wholly concave in plan where P is less than 40, wholly convex in plan where P is greater than +40 and convexo-concave in plan where P lies between 40 and +40. One mesure of P taken at the profile sampling line is found to give a better estimate
and negatively where P>0) and positively correlated with profile curvature in 70 per cent of cases. Implications of these correlations for hillslope process-response models are discussed. (The A.).
Near-bed mass flux profiles in aeolian sand transport : high-resolution measurements in a wind tunnel
the observed forms of the profiles of near-bed fluid stress and horizontal mass flux within a carefully conditioned boundary layer.
Vertical profiles of the streamwise mass flux of blown sand in the near-bed (
flux and mean velocity profiles throughout the boundary layer depth (0.17 m) using passive, chambered sand traps of small dimensions and armoured thermal anemometers, respectively. The data permit a preliminary analysis of the relations between
Author compares three Hungarian key loess profiles on the basis of several parameters. Comparison of the horizontal and vertical distribution of parameter values aimed at drawing as many sedimentological and paleogeographical conclusions as possible
Formerly the A. analyzed drainage in two dimensions, in horizontal projection. Stream slope as a vertical component is another important element. He determined the slope index values (SI) and represented the slope curves of the major streams
An integral approach to bedrock river profile analysis
California ; Cours d'eau ; Ecoulement fluvial ; Erosion fluviatile ; Etats-Unis ; Pente de versant ; Profil longitudinal ; Technique de recherche ; Virginia
of the stream power equation. The main component of this approach is a transformation of the horizontal coordinate that converts a steady-state river profile into a straight line with a slope that is simply related to the ratio of the uplift rate
Bedrock river profiles are often interpreted with the aid of slope-area analysis, but noisy topographic data make such interpretations challenging. The AA. present an alternative approach based on an integration of the steady-state form
to the erodibility. The transformed profiles, called chi plots, have other useful properties, including co-linearity of steady-state tributaries with their main stem and the ease of identifying transient erosional signals. They illustrate these applications
with analyses of river profiles extracted from digital topographic datasets.
A framework for the simulation of lateral stream and divide migration of non alluvial valleys is presented. Stream channels and hillslopes are modelled as mutual boundary conditions, with the horizontal channel shifting determined by the asymmetry
The remarkable development of tectonic land forms the Nankai and Suruga Troughs indicates that horizontal compressive interactions between the northern part of the Philippine Sea Plate and Southwest Japan have been active and accumulative
to swath width, swath orientation and swath horizontal resolution was assessed in terms of comparison diagrams and numerical statistics (RMSE, tilt and step para meters). As a result, it is concluded that swath profiles and quantitative landform parameters
In order to demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of swath profiles, the method is tested on an artificial surface, first. Secondly, swath profile analysis is applied to a hilly terrain in the Eastern Alpine Foreland, the Western Pannonian
Analyse de régression ; California ; Etats-Unis ; Glaciaire ; Géomorphométrie ; Modèle ; Montagne ; Profil de versant ; Quaternaire ; Sierra Nevada ; Vallée glaciaire
California ; Geomorphometry ; Glacial features ; Glacial valley ; Model ; Mountain ; Quaternary ; Regression analysis ; Sierra Nevada ; Slope profile ; United States of America
lateral moraines, trim lines or erratics can provide a clear limit to the glacial extent based on field evidence. This datum is referenced to coordinates of zero in the horizontal direction and elevation above sea level in the vertical dimension.
. Profiles of the ocean floor and the structure of sedimentary mantle at the successive moments of geological time are obtained by means of mathematical modelling. The role of progressive motions proved to be leading in the evolution of the largest forms
of the ocean bottom relief. There are three types of motions, namely vertical (subsidence) at mid-oceanic ridges, horizontal (moving apart) at continental terraces and diagonal motions (down and apart from the ridge axis) within abyssal plains. Progressive
The AA. present direct measurements of the response time obtained from several field experiments. The sand transport was studied using 6 small microphones arranged in a vertical profile and collocated with a sonic anemometer, a webcam and a cup
anemometer tower. Sediment transport measurements were obtained over 4 periods. The Wiener filter, a signal processing technique, is used to obtain a discrete transfer function that relates the horizontal wind speed and the non-intermittent sand transport
This paper is concerned with characterizing the near-surface airflow upwind of and over partially vegetated linear dunes in the southwest Kalahari Desert. Here are presented measurements of vertical and horizontal wind velocity profiles across cross
, Italy) present some features that are intermediate between shore platforms and plunging cliffs. Four types of profile have been identified ; they have near-horizontal to steep surfaces, often showing an almost vertical step in the seaward margin