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The area covered by pans in the Orange Free State varies from nul in some parts to more than nine percent per quarter degree square. The highest incidence is found in the western parts of the province. Percentages exceeding 1,5 percent per unit area
characteristics, the action of larger mammals, the more or less plainlike character of the terrain, and wind erosion. The latter is considered the most important factor and most pans in fact prove to be deflation hollows. At present wind erosion is not effective
in the eastern parts of the province and the presence of pans in that area can only be ascribed to a more arid climate in the past. (L'A.).

theory. More specifically the book shows how distinctive political interests are implicity combined in apparently benign theoretical formulations of more traditional texts on urban geography and planning. (AJC).

. He also indicates the possible best means not only of safeguarding the park, but also and more importantly of enhancing its value. He believes that opening it to tourists would be beneficial| the park would be better known, more readily accepted

African land : European enterprise

The political scramble for Africa was followed by a scramble for the land resources of the continent. Little more than 6 percent of the continent was directly exploited for crop and stock farming by colonists prior to 1960. - (AJC)

A case study of a Mende village in Sierra Leone based on field work undertaken in 1981-3 and 1985 indicates that the rice farmers are themselves innovators and their expertise is often more valuable than that of scientific advisors. - (EMS)

Kainji resettlement has been more successful than that of Volta because, with greater financial resources, better facilities were available with minimum interference with the traditional way of life. (EMS).

A model-based approach to planning is applied to Lagos, and shows that it is more likely to provide solutions to problems such as congestion than the present strategies. (EMS).

to draw implications for rice research in Ghana and more generally in West Africa. - (l'A.).

Demonstrates the importance of riverine deposits dating from more humid times in the development of the West Coast dunefields. Previously held ideas on marine origins of the dunes are partly confirmed. - (AJC)

Black urban centres are planned by Western-orientated town planners. Growth is usually far more rapid than expected and the informal sector poorly provided for. Suggestions for future implementation are indicates. - (AJC)

An analysis of the inter-relationships between the distribution of manufacturing industries and the regional endowment of infrastructure and utilities explain the present concentration in a few zones. If the Federal Government wishes for a more

The polarized spatial structure accelerates growth in the urban areas and depens poverty in the rural periphery. The creation of new states with their local government headquarters could promote more even development. (EMS).

The Cape of Good Hope granted 26 million hectares to settlers in the period discussed. The problems of colonising progressively more arid environments resulted in constant reviews of legislation and a measure of experimentation until the land

The impact of past geographies.

erased. Employing a world-system framework emphasising the impress of the core and peripheral geographies, the focus is directed towards Africa, more especially South Africa, which exhibits the impact of a remarkably complex suite of past geographies

If West African states would co-operate there are considerable possibilities for intra-regional trade. The infra-structure would have to be improved, and economic development could then be more rapid. (EMS).

The Bushmanland Plateau reflects a more intricate geomorphic history than simple planation, with alternating erosional and aggradational phases. Following planation (cretaceous-Tertiary) Oligocene uplift promoted fan accumulation. Miocene incision

Infrared black and white aerial photographs can differentiate between different types and stages of vegetal growth in a complex coastal terrain. Colour would be even more valuable in studying the elements of a landscape. (EMS).

This paper presents results of a palynological analysis of a 15.5 m sediment core from Lake Naivasha. The core spans a little more than the last 20,000 years. The record is long enough to include the last glacial maximum in temperate latitudes

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