Topoclimatic controls in an alpine fellfield and their ecological significance
Bilan énergétique ; Colorado ; Ecologie ; Etats-Unis ; Front Range ; Géographie physique ; Montagne ; Topoclimat ; Toundra alpine ; Végétation
This study measures energy and moisture exchanges in the alpine fellfield on Niwot Ridge, in order to, first, assess the influence of topoclimate on energy budget components during a period of summer drought, and second, explain the distribution
of the arctic-alpine plant Dryas octopetala (mountain avens).
An analysis on the ecology of Alpine Tundra landscape of Changbai mountains.
No trees grow in this Alpine zone, only shrubs, moss and lichen with a few perennial herbs. The soil is a gley showing peat formation. Four plant groups and fifteen plant communities are identified. They develop their own distinctive ecological
Extinguishing disaster in Alpine France : the fate of reforestation as technocratic debacle
of deforestation, alpineecology, and the place of humans in the mountains.
In 19th century France, concepts of alpine degradation formed the basis of ambitious state policies to reforest the mountains. The Second-Empire and early Third-Republic regimes formulated legislation allowing for both volontary and mandatory alpine
reforestation projects. The latter regime's law of 1882 on the restoration and conservation of alpine lands was more conciliatory toward alpine agro-pastoralists. Ultimately, geographers and some foresters revised scientific thinking about the history
Modern climate change and shifting ecological states of the Subalpine / Alpine landscape in the swedish scandes
L'A. présente les résultats d'une observation longue de la végétation dans les montagnes scandinaves dans le cadre d'un réseau de recherche alpine. L'objectif est d'estimer les modifications de l'étage de la végétation alpine dans un futur plus
Investigation of alpine precipitation, interception and soil moisture were conducted on hilltops along an altitudinal gradient in the Norwegian mountains to obtain fundamental knowledge with regard to the impacts of climate change in future
. The article deals with high mountain ecosystems, landscape ecology, hydrology, time-domain reflectometry (TDR), precipitation, potential interception capacity and soil moisture. - (IfL)
Pour une ethnologie des frontières en milieu alpin
Alps (The) ; Cultural identity ; Cultural studies ; Ecology ; Europe ; France ; Frontier ; Hunting ; Italy ; Man-environment relations ; Mountain
Pour l'ethnographe qui se livre à des enquêtes comparatives, la notion de culture alpine peut être autre chose qu'une simple abstraction. En se penchant sur des domaines marginaux comme celui de la chasse, certaines explications unitaires
apparaissent. Plusieurs démarches rendent compte des clivages qui séparent les conduites des alpins et celles des non-alpins. Les réponses les plus exhaustives viennent d'une approche centrée sur la raison pratique.
Late-Quaternary history of the alpine flora of the New Hampshire White Mountains
Lateglacial ; Mountain ; New England ; Palaeo-ecology ; Palaeobotany ; Palynology ; Pollen diagram ; Quaternary ; Stratigraphy ; United States of America
Reconstitution de l'histoire de la flore alpine des White Mountains du New Hampshire à partir des études polliniques et des macrofossiles de la région des lakes of the Clouds, (Mont Washington). Comparaison de ces résultats avec le pollen et les
macrofossiles des dépôts du Tardiglaciaire des basses terres de l'ouest de la Nouvelle-Angleterre. Les contraintes climatiques sur la flore alpine pendant l'oscillation du Dryas récent et peut-être aussi au cours d'autres périodes du Tardiglaciaire ont contribué
à la perte de certaines espèces de plantes dans la zone alpine des White Mountains.
Biodiversity ; Biogeography ; Climatic change ; Colorado ; Comparative study ; Ecological niche ; Montana ; Mountain ; National park ; Tundra ; United States of America ; Vegetation
The AA. test the relevance of niche and neutral theories of biogeography to alpine tundra change and assess the continuum and classification approaches to biogeographic description as tools to describe similarity. Two extensive studies of alpine
in alpine tundra over the coming decades will require more advanced analyses.
Temporal and spatial variations in the solute content of an alpine stream, Colorado Front Range
In this paper, the AA. report on a seven-year study of the geochemistry of stream water draining an alpine catchment in the Colorado Front Range. This work has been part of an ongoing program of Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) and has three
A long-term landscape ecological project in Central Norway offers new material that is used to interpret the grazing impact of reindeers in comparable ecosystems. A gradient was studied from central Norway, where there is no reindeer grazing
, to western Greenland with a natural population of reindeers, and finally to northern Norway, where overgrazing already exceeds the carrying capacity. With the help of ecological mapping, especially of vegetation and soils, and measurements of environmental
processes, differences due to grazing reindeer populations in the 3 regions have been identified. The article presents the results of the investigations and discusses the ecological background for determining degradation and possible regeneration processes
The dynamics of recent geomorphic processes in the alpine zone of the Tatra Mountains
This paper presents the results of direct measures of some geomorphic processes acting, or said to be active, in the alpine area of the Tatra Mountains. Measurements of debris flows and debris slides, as well as of eolian-nivational, solifluction
[b1] Dep. of Ecology and Environmentalistics Fac. of Natural Sciences, Univ., Nitra, Slovaquie
Landform-vegetation units for investigating the dynamics and geomorphologic evolution of alpine composite debris cones (Valle dell'Avio, Adamello Group, Italy)
Cluster analysis of 245 vegetation plots, along 17 transects on alpine composite debris cones in the Italian Alps, allowed the AA. to classify complex mosaics of landforms and plant communities. By assessing plant community distribution
Typologie des communautés d'oiseaux des alpages et cartographie écologique. (Typology and ecological mapping of bird communities in alpine rangelands)
During the years 1973-1976, 256 point counts for censusing Passerine communities have been performed in alpine rangelands of the Briançonnais (Hautes-Alpes, France). Numerical results have been processed through classification and factor analysis
Biogéographie ; Etage alpin ; Formation arbustive ; Forêt ; Forêt boréale ; Généralités sur la géographie ; Haute montagne ; Hokkaido ; Japon ; Milieu océanique froid ; Montagne ; Pinus pumila ; Taitsetsu ; Zone froide
forest elements. An approach to this subject is made through the ecology of the P. pumila thickets, a research carried out in Mt Taisetsu, Central Hokkaido. The author concludes that the Japanese alpine zone is a unique and independent vegetational zone.
The author notices a discrepancy between the European view of the term alpine and the Japanese one. Japanese researchers have traditionnally reckoned the alpine zone as an area covered with the extension of the Pinus pumila thickets rich in boreal
Rock-weathering by the lichen Lecidea auriculata in an arctic alpine environment
of weathering over time. The spatial pattern of weathering is influenced by the narrow ecological range of the species. Surface rocks on dry, exposed sites are probably weathering much more rapidly than those in adjacent damp hollows and beneath snowpatches.
Invasive pathogens at alpine treeline : consequences for treeline dynamics
Alpine treeline, climate, and environmental changes. Special issue
The AA. discuss the cascading ecological effects of the loss of treeline whitebark pine and expected changes in landscape vegetation patterns. Potential implications of the loss of whitebark pine for northwestern Montana treelines are examined
Influences of alpine ecosystem responses to climatic change on soil properties on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Drawing from 2 sets of remote sensing data (1986 and 2000) and field investigations, the ecological index method was used to document ecosystem changes in the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions of central Qinghai-Tibet. Over this period
, climatic changes led to considerable degradation of alpine meadows and steppes : changes in soil physical properties; losses in soil available Fe, Mn and Zn; losses in soil organic matter and total nitrogen.
The upper limit of alpine land use in Central, South and Southeastern Tibet
Agricultural practice ; Agro-pastoralism ; Applied ecology ; China ; Human impact ; Land use ; Mountain ; Periglacial features ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; Vegetation ; Xizáng Zizhiqu
experiencing centre-periphery change. The resultant ecological consequences culminate in the destruction of the vegetation cover in the sensitive periglacial zone by trampling from overstocked pastures, in the risk of soil erosion in semi-arid Tibet