Following to a consideration on general problems of acoustic emission it is discussed, if it is possible to predict the failure moment of salt rocks under uniaxial loading. For this reason amplitudes and impulse rates of acoustic emission from
Human activities in creating and controlling emissions of the most important greenhouse gase
The study aims to draw up for Belgium and the Flemish region an inventory of all man-made sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Reduction strategies and technologies will be evaluated w.r.t. their potential to reduce emissions for the Belgian
Environmental compliance costs and the distribution of emissions in the U.S.
Le modèle évalue l'impact de coûts plus conformes à une certaine qualité de l'environnement sur la distribution des pollutions émises par individu à l'échelle des comtés et des Etats des Etats-Unis.
Carbon emissions trends with optimal balanced economic growth of China and the USA and some abatement options for China
This paper presented an approach to project the future CO2 emissions from the perspective of optimal economic growth, and applied this model to the cases of China and the United States, whose CO2 emissions together contributed to more than 40
% of the global emissions. The projection results under the balanced and optimal economic growth path reveal that the CO2 emissions will peak in 2029 for China and 2024 for the USA owing to their empirically implied pace of energy efficiency improvement. Moreover
, some abatement options are analyzed for China, which indicate that 1) putting up the energy price will decrease the emissions at a high cost; 2) enhancing the decline rate of energy intensity can significantly mitigate the emissions with a modest cost
; and 3) the energy substitution policy of replacing carbon intensive energies with clean ones has considerable potential to alleviate emissions without compromising the economic development.
A quantitative comparison and analysis on the assessment indicators of greenhouse gases emission
Based on the greenhouse gases (GHG) emission data from the World Resource Institute (WRI), the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), and the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), the results of each indicator are calculated
have some limitations. The Indicator of Industrialized Accumulative Emission per Capita (IAEC) is put forward as the equitable indicator to evaluate the industrialized historical accumulative emission per capita of every country. Emission indicator per
capita per GDP, consumptive emission indicator and survival emission indicator are also put forward and discussed in the paper.
There is a general consensus that emissions of greenhouse gases need to be reduced. One possible way to achieve this is through emissions trading. While the underlying principle is rather simple, its implementation is much more complex and conflict
-laden. This article traces the development of emissions trading from the Kyoto protocol and the EU emissions trading scheme to the allocation of emission rights to plant operators on national level. In Germany, important lessons have been learned from
Monthly estimates of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel consumption in Brazil during the late 1990s and early 2000s
Though data on energy use are not complete in terms of time and geography, there are enough data available on the sale or consumption of fuels in Brazil to reasonably approximate the temporal and spatial patterns of fuel use and CO2 emissions. Given
the available data, a strong annual cycle in emissions from Brazil is not apparent. CO2 emissions are unevenly distributed within Brazil as the population density and level of development both vary widely.
Simulations of spatial variability in particle-size emissions during wind erosion events
This study simulates how spatial variations in particle-size emissions from a playa affect bulk and size-resolved dust concentration profiles during 2 contrasting wind erosion events (a small local and a large regional event) in the Channel Country
, Lake Eyre Basin, Australia. The regional event had higher dust concentration as a result of stronger frontal winds and higher erodibility across the playa. For each event, 2 emission scenarios are simulated to determine if measured size-resolved dust
concentration profiles can be explained by spatial variability in source area emissions. The first scenario assumes that particle-size emissions from source areas occur at a uniform rate, while the second scenario assumes that particle-size emissions vary
Compact development without transit : life-cycle GHG emissions from four variations of residential density in Vancouver
This article examines compact development without transit through life-cycle GHG emissions from four variations of residential density in Vancouver. It founds a wide range of emissions profiles. A mixed-use new urbanist development produced fewer
emissions than an adjacent development of large single-family homes, both of which were in a transit-poor area on the far edge of a suburban city. A high-density neighbourhood adjacent to a suburban city centre, and one adjacent to a central city centre
, produced fewer emissions than the neighbourhood of large single-family homes. Findings suggest that, while compactness may be most effective when it is coupled with high frequency transit, decoupling the pair and building compactness before or without
transit can still yield considerable household emissions reductions.
Land surface emissivity change in China from 2001 to 2010
In this paper, by processing the Chinese land surface emissivity data obtained from the Unites States NASA, the AA. obtain spatio-temporal data set of Chinese land surface emissivity with the spatial resolution of 0,05° x 0,05°, the time interval
from 2001 to 2010, and analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics and the variation of Chinese land surface emissivity over the last 10 years. The results show that the land surface emissivity in the northwest desert region is the lowest in China
, with little seasonal variations. In contrast, there are significant seasonal variations in land surface emissivity in northeast China and northern Xinjiang, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yangtze River Valley and the eastern and southern China.
Temporal and spatial variation of emission factors in China
Emission factor is a measure of pollution intensities caused by economic activities. With the factors based on data collected from a specific region, the pollution levels for the entire economy or for another region can be predicted once the total
La radiation terrestre sur un plan d'eau regroupe la radiation atmosphérique incidente et réfléchie et la radiation émise par l'eau. La température de l'air, l'humidité, la radiation solaire et la température de la surface de l'eau ont été calculées
pour la radiation incidente et réfléchie du lac Erié et pour la radiation émise sur le lac. La radiation émise par le lac est de l'ordre de 100Ly/j. de 1952 à 1968.
Multiple regression analysis is used to address a central research question : what variables predict the location of pollution emissions ? Data are used to assess relationships among socioeconomic class variables, industrial and land-use variables
, and pollution emissions. Manufacturing employment, urbanization variables, dwelling value, and household income are all related to pollution emissions. A conceptual model of the development process is formulated to explain the positive relationship between
CO2 emissions and their bearing on China's economic development : the long view
use. Secondly, they imply that a diversified energy structure promotes reductions in CO2 emissions. Finally, the findings point to a path for countries to transform their economies while at the same time undertaking to drastically moderate their energy
use, with a pattern in which lighter carbon emissions prevail.