This article analyses species origins, dispersal, and island vegetation dynamics of the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific. It demonstrates that species–area relationships are significant for all plant species and for ancient and modern
introductions, and species richness shows significant relationships to maximum elevation for indigenous plants and modern introductions. In contrast, species richness does not correspond to patterns expected for species–isolation relationships with the nearest
archipelagos of Samoa and Fiji. It concludes that plant dispersal spectra vary significantly according to island topography, geology,vegetation types, and plant species origins.
Characteristic pattern of species diversity on the Canary Islands
Altitude ; Biodiversity ; Biogeography ; Canary Islands ; Ecosystem ; Endemism ; Fauna ; Island ; Plant species ; Spatial distribution
and historical factors on species distribution and endemism. Species richness and the percentage of island endemic species as well as similarity indices for island comparisons were calculated for all species groups. The pattern of species richness is best
explained by island elevation. A similar pattern is detected for the percentage of single island endemics (pSIE), a factor associated with speciation. Thus, the AA. conclude that correlations between species richness and pSIE, identified in previous studies
The road to recovery : comparing Canada and US recovery strategies for shared endangered species
This paper examines the recovery process for species at risk under the two country's domestic laws : Canada's Species at Risk Act and the American Endangered Species Act. These two countries could be working together to recover shared species
, especially migratory and cross-border species. Through comparing the recovery strategies and plans for the 30 species, and interviewing recovery team members on both sides of the border, it is shown that cross-border collaboration is limited. The paper argues
A reappraisal of the propaguliferous species of the Pohlia annotina-complex in Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Cultivation experiments and revision of herbarium specimens reveal 6 Pohlia species which are illustrated. Determination key and distribution maps are given. - (LW)
Plant migration : the dynamics of geographic patterning in seed plant species.
Case histories of migrating species at different time scales : modern, historical, Pleistocene, and early geological time. Many plants have exploited the effects of human disturbance of habitats. - (DWG)
Information disclosure and endangered species valuation
The link between information and reported willingness to pay is explored conceptually. The focus of the discussion is on endangered species valuation where the effects of information disclosure may be especially acute.
Ten species occur. Four have a similar abundancy as in a former survey. Six species were not recovered and are probably extinct. Detailed list of the species. (LW).
Applications and limitations of museum data for conservation and ecology, with particular attention to species distribution
Biodiversity ; Biogeography ; Data ; Data base ; Ecological niche ; Model ; Plant species ; Spatial distribution ; Statistical bias ; Taxonomy
There are a number of limitations with museum data to understand how species are distributed. These limitations are dealt with in the first part of this review. The second part of this paper reviews the challenges of developing species distribution
models for use with museum data and describes some of the questions that species distribution models have been used to address. Given the rapidly increasing number of museum records of species occurrence available over the internet, a review
Virtual species distribution models : Using simulated data to evaluate aspects of model performance
Algorithm ; Biogeography ; Comparative study ; Conceptual model ; Ecological niche ; Model ; Plant species ; Simulation ; Spatial distribution ; Statistical analysis
This progress report addresses virtual species distribution models : the use of spatially explicit simulated data to represent a true species distribution in order to evaluate aspects of model conceptualization and implementation. Simulating a true
species distribution, or a virtual species distribution, and systematically testing how these aspects affect SDMs, can provide an important baseline and generate new insights into how these issues affect model outcomes.
Impact of alien plant invasions on species richness in Mediterranean-type ecosystems : a meta-analysis
Arid area ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Habitat ; Impact ; Mediterranean area ; Plant colonization ; Plant species ; Taxonomy ; Vegetation
The AA. conducted a meta-analysis of studies in Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) to examine : 1) whether invasion of alien plant species indeed causes a reduction in the number of native plant species at different spatial and temporal scales ; 2
) which growth forms, habitat types and areas are most affected by invasions; and 3) which taxa are most responsible for native species richness declines. Methods, results and discussion.
Biogeography ; Climatic zone ; Ecology ; North America ; Plant species ; Regression analysis ; Spatial distribution ; Taxonomy ; Topography ; Tree
The A. investigates the relative range elongation, with respect to maximum north-south distance and maximum east-west distance, of 269 North American tree species. These data provide evidence that species with smaller ranges tend to be elongated
north-south and species with larger ranges tend to be elongated east-west. This pattern is likely a result of species with small ranges being limited by local north-south-trending topography and species with large ranges being limited by major east-west
Biogeography of the Anthropocene : Novel species assemblages
Adaptation ; Anthropocene ; Biodiversity ; Biogeography ; Climatic change ; Extinction of species ; Forecast ; Human impact ; Man-environment relations ; Modelling ; Novel ecosystem ; Palaeo-ecology ; Population dynamics
methods to evaluate no-analog conditions in the past, or modeling to evaluate possible futures. Additional approaches are needed for assessment and prediction of how new groupings of species will function ecologically under future climatic and landscape
conditions, including methods for studying the effects of biotic homogenization, species extinctions, introduced species, and altered ecosystem processes.
Prepared on the basis of source literature is a review of the distribution of the species of bird breeding in Europe. The list of species contains 478 taxe bredding naturally on European territory. The species richness of the avifauna in 45 units
This paper describes the habitats used by migrant species at a migratory stop-over site in an urban wooded environment in Georgia. The diversity of habitat use by migrating and resident species will be compared, as well as the degree to which
their use patterns overlap spatially with other bird species at the site.
Some possible mechanistic contraints are put on the problem to distinguish the effects on species evolution from punctuate forces (geological selection pressure generated by buoyancy and tectonic processes) and from near continuous point mutation
Island biogeographic theory and conservation practice: species-area or specious-relationships?
The AA. present statistical techniques to evaluate species area regressions and models of faunal and floral collapse and apply these techniques to several recent examples from the literature.