Philosophical concerns about restoringlandscapes often revolve around two, connected, issues. First is the idea that a restored lanscape, even if it is a perfect replica, has lost some of its value. The second problem highlighted in philosophical
debates is that the greater the success of restoration projects, the more threatened natural landscapes become. The A. discusses two opposing potential responses to these claims : that humans are part of nature and thus cannot be an alien dominating force
Eden, Earth Day, and Ecology: LandscapeRestoration as Metaphor and Mission
Earth Day ; Ecological restoration ; Ecology ; Eden ; Landscape ; Man-environment relations ; Nature conservation ; Philosophy ; Value system ; Wilderness ; ecology ; landscaperestoration
This paper sketches the religious roots of landscaperestoration, showing how it morphed from a theological to an environmental agenda, while retaining the fervour of a sacred mission. In the aftermath of Lynn White, Jr.’s ‘Historical Roots of Our
Ecologic Crisis’ (1967) and the Earth Day reform mission (1970), convergent redemptive philosophies realigned ecotheology and landscaperestoration along Franciscan lines, shedding commandments to subdue and conquer for injunctions to live in harmony
with nature. Previously condemned as the antithesis of Eden, wilderness was transformed from dreaded chaos into a redemptive realm that led ecological restorers to idealise and worship supposedly virgin scenes. Instead of getting civilised, wild landscapes
and conventions of landscaperestoration, widening enduring and unavoidable gulfs between restoration intention and performance, precept and practice.
were treasured as locales of spiritual and bodily renewal. Favoured locales defiled by human occupance and imprint were restored to simulated wildness. Perceived analogies with archaeology, art, architecture and medicine further shape the aims
Tracking Restorative Components: Patterns in Eye Movements as a Consequence of a Restorative Rating Task
Eye tracking ; Green space ; Landscape ; Nature conservation ; Perception ; Photography ; Urban park ; landscape architecture ; pocket park ; restoration ; vision
and trees, participants look at when evaluating restoration likelihood. Further, we compare number of fixations in restorative and non-restorative park photos. Photos were selected based on ratings of low and high likelihood of restoration. Participants were
asked to imagine themselves in need of restoration. Photos were presented for 10 seconds each. In contrast to studies adapting a free viewing approach, the present study shows that image properties such as contrast and colour did not attract attention
; instead participants looked at components that were of importance for assessing restoration likelihood. The components participants looked at the most were trees, followed by benches and bushes. This presents new information on people's view patterns
in relation to the task of rating restoration likelihood. In addition, relations between the park components at which participants looked the most and the ratings on restoration likelihood were explored. As expected, we found a positive correlation between
grass and restoration likelihood. The relations were negative for all other variables, although not significant. The negative relations were rather unexpected, and possible explanations for them are discussed. Finally, we analysed the association between
number of fixations and restoration likelihood ratings, and no correlation was found.
[b1] Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Historical perspectives on river restoration design in the USA
Classification ; Concept ; Ecological restoration ; History of sciences ; Hydrosystem ; Numerical model ; Stream
and discuss landscape geomorphology. Similarly, both Rosgen’s classification system, or one like it, and other more analytical, process-based examinations, are necessary for a comprehensive approach to river restoration. It is clear that multiple viewpoints
River restoration as a science needs to balance numerical analysis with a more general systems understanding typical of a classification-based approach. Davis' nomenclature and Gilbert’s analytical processes are both necessary to understand
and approaches triangulate towards a more thorough understanding of a system and will increase the probability of successful restoration. This will most likely include system-wide observation and classification married to numerical process modeling.
Oral histories as a baseline of landscaperestoration – co-management and watershed knowledge in Jukajoki river
Cultural studies ; Ecological restoration ; Ecosystem ; Finland ; Governance ; Karelia ; Knowledge ; Landscape ; Local population ; Watershed
collaborative governance with a formal role of local ecological knowledge as a future management option for this area. It concludes that watershed restoration and associated baseline information benefits from the oral histories recorded with people who still
Geomorphology of medium-high mountains under changing human impact, from managed slopes to nature restoration : a study from the Sudetes, SW Poland
The managed landscape. Special issue
, through managed rural landscapes in the 19th century and early 20th century, to gradual restoration of natural conditions observed in the last few tens of years, concurrent with considerable population decline in the mountain valleys. Accelerated soil
erosion was successfully mitigated by the introduction of agricultural terraces in the 19th century. The current phase of nature restoration is understood as a return to general slope stability.
this of the processes in the ecology of the landscape which change these habitats. The results of this study can be applied to restoration projects, if desired target situation is defined. The technical and sustainable measures for restoration have to be incorporated
Landscape regeneration by seeds and successional pathways to restore fragile tropandean slopelands
Analysis of how land abandonment in Tropandean landscapes, particularly in the study area of the Maquipucuna Reserve of northwestern Ecuador, has contributed to land degradation, especially of the species composition and community structure
Restoring nature in mining areas of the Silesian Upland (Poland)
The managed landscape. Special issue
Mining influences every component of the environment in significant and diverse ways. But even in such a devastated terrain there is evidence of the proper management of post-mining areas and natural self restoration, which paradoxically, owing
of land restoration as well as geomorphological mapping of the analysed sites.
landscapes in the Netherlands and fairly undistributed landscapes in the Biebrza valley in Poland. The Biebrza valley acts as a reference wetland in this analysis. In the second part of this book experiments with the restoration of acidified and eutrophicated
This thesis examines the effects of stress factors and the potential of recovery and restoration in freshwater wetlands. Impacts of changes in environmental conditions on wetland vegetation are studied by comparing wetlands in both stressed
Geografia a riesenie problematiky produktivity krajiny. (Geography and solving the problems of landscape productivity)
One of the ways how to solve the problem of landscape productivity is investigating the possibilities of revalorization and restoring utilization function to various devastated areas lying out of the reproductional process. The areas of inferior
Historic range of variability in geomorphic processes as a context for restoration : Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA
Biogeomorphology ; Colorado ; Debris flow ; Ecological restoration ; Human impact ; Humid environment ; Mountain ; Rocky Mountains ; Slope dynamics ; United States of America ; Watershed
and discussion. Understanding the HRV of aggradation rates and processes can constrain management and restoration scenarios by quantifying the range of disturbance from which a landscape can recover without active restoration.
The AA. investigated historic range of variability (HRV) of aggradational processes in the subalpine Lulu City wetland in Rocky Mountain National Park to understand the impacts of 2 centuries of altered land use and to guide restoration planning
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of exclosures on soil fertility restoration and examine its variability across age, agro-ecology and landscape position. The study was conducted in the Gubalafto district of North Wello Zone, northern
Ethiopian highlands. Vegetation cover was estimated and soil samples were collected from 3 age categories (open sites, 10- and 27-year-old exclosures), 2 agro-ecological zones (mild and cool) and in 3 landscape positions (lower, mid and upper). The samples
consider soil fertility restoration variation with age, agro-ecology and management conditions of the respective exclosure.
The role of vegetation in mitigating the effects of landscape clearing upon dryland stream response trajectory and restoration potential
Australia ; Bank erosion ; Biogeography ; Biogeomorphology ; Channel geometry ; Deforestation ; Ecological restoration ; Flood ; Hydrochemistry ; Riparian vegetation ; Salinity ; Vegetation ; Watershed ; Western Australia
and the potential for management. It focuses on cleared and uncleared sites in the Yerritup catchment, along the south coast of Western Australia, that occur along a transect with a consistent stream gradient and landscape topographic setting. The trajectory
identify the potential to re-establish vegetation where it is elevated from saline baseflow. However, the system is assessed as being close to a threshold where restoration is no longer possible and remediation options become more limited as eco-hydraulic
Natural rivers, hydromorphological quality and river restoration : a challenging new agenda for appied fluvial geomorphology
The managed landscape. Special issue
This paper focuses on the problematic definition of natural hydromorphological quality for rivers, the assessment of departures from it, and the ecologically driven strategies for restoration that must be delivered by regulators under the European
A landscape in transition : The Arbuckle Mountains, 1870 to 1898
Agriculture ; Deciduous forest ; Habitat ; Human impact ; Land use ; Land utilisation ; Landscape ; Nineteenth Century ; Oklahoma ; United States of America ; Vegetation ; Wood
The AA. compare two historical data sets, from the 1870s and 1890s, respectively, to quantify changes in landscape structure and woody plant assemblages corresponding to rapid demographic changes occurring within the Arbuckle Mountains in Oklahoma
. During this period, the Public Land Survey System data show a landscape that became increasingly fragmented, as well as differences in stand composition and density. The documentation of these important historical anthropogenic changes occurring
on the western fringes of the eastern deciduous forest could serve as a valuable guide for conservation and restoration initiatives.