Recognition and assessments of faults within active strike-slip fault zones: a case study from the San Andreas fault in southern California
Neotectonics and active faulting
California ; Earthquake ; Fault ; Natural hazards ; Neotectonics ; Structural geomorphology ; United States
The present paper considers fault-related features as the result of the interplay of constructive influences (tectonic activity) and destructive influences (erosional and depositional activity).Variables affecting the geomorphological expression
of faulting are outlined with reference to examples along the San Andreas fault, and their significance for assessing strike-slip faulting activity is discussed.
Dykes and normal faults are the most common large-scale tectonic elements in Iceland. This paper summarises the main structral features of tension fractures, normal faults and dykes in Iceland as a basis for understanding their development
. It considers mainly the geometric characteristics of the faults and dykes themselves, and also explores the effects of mechanical layering on the structure and development of faults and dykes. The focus is on the attitude of dykes and faults, fault displacement
The Tyrnavos Fault is typical of many active normal faults in the Aegean region. This study illustrates how a combination of geological and geomorphological data is important in assessing the magnitude and timing of palaeoearthquake activity along
Geomorphic analysis of late Quaternary faulting on Hilton Creek, Round Valley and Coyote warp faults, east-central Sierra Nevada, California, USA
C 14 dating ; California ; Earthquake ; Fault ; Moraine ; Quaternary ; Seismicity ; Sierra Nevada ; Stratigraphy ; Thermoluminescence ; United States of America
Fault scarps on surficial deposits that cross the Hiton Creek and Round Valley faults document repeated ground-rupturing events on these faults in the past 15,000 to 25,000 years. These data support the concept that the faults could produce a major
The AA. present an example of a large-scale normal fault system in southwest Turkey, namely Manisa Fault, to illustrate and discuss mechanism(s) responsible for the growth and evolution of large-scale corrugated normal faults. The paper provides
further information for better understanding the kinematics and development of the Manisa Fault and discusses its significance for the crustal extension prevailing in southwest Turkey.
Adjustments to calculated Quaternary displacement rates across the Fish Springs Fault, Owens Valley Fault Zone, California
Rectifications des données parues dans l'article Late Quaternary vertical displacement rate across the Fish Springs Fault, Owens Valley Fault Zone, California des mêmes auteurs (Quaternary Research 27, 113-129).
Geomorphology of faulting : the Wairapa Fault, New Zealand
Earthquake ; Fault ; Geomorphology ; Neotectonics ; New Zealand ; North Island ; Plate tectonics ; Quaternary ; Vertical movement
on the Wairapa Fault during a single earthquake in 1855 and the Holocene paleoseimic record as interpreted from small scale geomorphic features and regional uplift pattern, and 2) the relationship between vertical displacement on the Wairapa Fault and uplift
Quaternary landscape evolution in the San Jacinto fault zone, Peninsular Ranges of Southern California : transient response to strike-slip fault initiation
California ; Erosion ; Fault ; Fluvial capture ; Landslide ; Mountain ; Quaternary ; Stratigraphy ; United States of America
This study integrates data from sedimentology, stratigraphy, and process geomorphology, with additional information from prior work on structure, petrology, and tectonics in the fault zone. The AA. propose a hypothesis for geomorphic evolution
in the fault zone that highlights the effects of pronounced disequilibrium related to late Pliocene or early Pleistocene initiation of the San Jacinto fault.
This paper presents the results of fieldwork, and microstructural and diagenetic studies of the Psatha, Pisia and Kaparelli fault zones. These results are used to interpret the deformation mechanisms, fluid involvment and palaeo-stresses
for portions of the Pisia, Psatha, and Kaparelli fault zones. In particular, the identification of vadose calcite cements which have been deformed within the Psatha, Pisia and Kaparelli fault zones has allowed to examine the deformation and diagenesis which has
This paper discusses the morphological and geological evidence for Pleistocene neotectonic faulting and uplift in the northeastern part of the Sowie Mountains where the Sudetic Marginal Fault has its maximum deplacement and uplift rates. Although
the greatest uplift was during the Neogene tectonic phases, Pleistocene fault activity was significant and influenced the development of river valleys and foreland alluvial fans. This contradicts with former views.
Baja California Sur ; Fault ; Marine quaternary ; Marine terrace ; Mexico ; Plate tectonics ; Sea level ; Seismic hazard ; Vertical movement
Quaternary faulting and coastal uplift characterize the rifted margin of Baja California near Loreto. This study seeks to document the rate of uplift of the Loreto basin and the history of Quaternary faulting on the Loreto fault. To determine
the rate of uplift, the AA. examine the coastal uplift of the Loreto basin indicated by the altitudinal distribution of marine terraces. Evidence of Quaternary movement on the Loreto fault consists of morphologically young fault scarps and surfaces
such as fluvial terraces that are displaced by recurrent faulting.
This paper addresses issues related to the Plio-Quaternary structural evolution of normal faults through the description of 5 cases in the central Apennines. Reported cases describe : re-utilization of portion of longer faults to accomodate minor
deformation or kinematic changes; along-strike migration or/and decreasing intensity of the tectonic activity. Aspects related to the structural modifications of normal fault systems will be finally discussed together with the implications they may have
Development of offset channels across the San Andreas fault
California ; Channel geometry ; Fault ; Fluvial capture ; Longitudinal section ; Stream ; Strike-slip fault ; Tectonics ; United States of America
The San Andreas fault offsets some small gullies incising the relatively flat surfaces in the Carrizo Plain, California. This study analyzes the field-measured planform geometry and longitudinal profiles of some channels offset by the San Andreas
fault as a trial to define the manner of response or adjustment of streams to strike-slip fault displacement.
Comparative geochemistry of volcanics from rift valleys, transform faults and aseismic ridges
It is suggested that transform faults have, by faulting, exposed more fractioned types of basaltic rocks (may be as intrusives) than the rift valley volcanics. While aseismic ridges have undergone a greater degree of differentiation than both
A deep-sea hydrothermal site on a strike-slip fault
Faille ; Fond sous-marin ; Géographie physique ; Hydrothermal ; Marge continentale ; Pacifique Est ; Pacifique, îles ; San Clemente fault zone ; Source thermale ; Volcanisme
Submersible exploration of a young scarp in the San Clemente fault zone, at 1,800m in the California Borderland, discovered tall piles of hydrothermal barite and dense colonies of large benthic animals. Phenomena along this active strike-slip fault
Indicators of faulting events and periods of quiescence in desert alluvial fans
Alluvial cone ; Arid area ; Desert ; Fault ; Israel ; Negev ; Reg ; Structural stability ; Tectonics
The main objective of this paper is to present an integrated approach to the study of faulting stages in coarse alluvial deposits. The study site is the alluvial fan of Nahal Shehoret, presently under an extremely arid regime. The exposure of fault
scarps on the fan surfaces enables the identification of several geomorphic indicators employed in analysing and separating faulting events and periods of quiescence: the nature of fault scarp topography; soil catenary development on fault scarps; buried
paleosols in alluvial deposits; colluvial bodies; rotated clasts along fault planes.
The aim of this study is the definition of the geometry and structural style of the extensional fault system involved during the L’Aquila 2009 seismic sequence. The surface tectonic setting of the late Quaternary faults in the epicentral areas (i.e
., the Paganica, Mt. Gorzano and Montereale faults in northwestern Abruzzo) was defined by integrating data from the literature with original field work. Consistent geometric and kinematic correlations between the geological and seismological data were observed
. The seismic sequence reactivated 4 well-distinguished fault sources differing in geometry, size and the degree of involvement. The L’Aquila 2009 seismic sequence did not reactivate the entire surface of the involved faults. Nevertheless, on the basis of other
geological and seismological constraints, the overall fault extent is schematically reconstructed and parameterised. Some considerations related to the structural style of the intra-Apennine Quaternary extensional structures and their patterns at depth
Asymmetrical valleys created by the geomorphic response of rivers to strike-slip fault
China ; Earth surface processes ; Fault ; Fluvial erosion ; Huang He ; Mountain ; Stream ; Strike-slip fault ; Tibet ; Valley
The larger rivers with higher erosional rates may widen their valleys asymmetrically downstream of strike-slip faults, rather than being beheaded or deflected. Examples are described from the Yellow River near the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau
. River beheading and asymmetrical widening are 2 end-members of a fluvial valley's response to strike-slip faulting, whereas deflection is a combination of both. Recognition of the formation of such asymmetrical valleys related to strike-slip faulting
will help to understand fault activity better over longer time spans and enable a re-evaluation of many fault histories worldwide.
Reappraisal of existing data and evidence derived from new geological investigations illustrates the often complex association between fault geometry and seismic activity that characterise five seismically active areas of mainland Greece
seismotectonic setting in which E-W trending active fault zones accommodate N-S extension.