Agriculture ; Cycle de l'eau ; Eau du sol ; Expérimentation ; Géographie de l'Europe ; Hongrie ; Humidité du sol ; Infiltration ; Perméabilité du sol ; Sol ; Surface cultivée ; Tokaj Hegyalja ; Utilisation du sol
Common types of satellite-derived measurements are reviewed with respect to how they are used to provide information on variables important to land surface climatology. The variables considered include solar radiation , surface albedo, surface
temperature, outgoing longwave radiation, cloud cover, net radiation, soil moisture, latent and sensible heat flux, surface cover and leaf area index. A selection of land surface climate modelling schemes is identified and considered with a view
Les réseaux de surface capturent les relations topologiques entre les passes d'une surface continue. Ils représentent la topologie de surfaces sous une forme compressée, et ils permettent une investigation rapide de leurs formes convexe et concave
Microclimatic temperature relationships over different surfaces
Enseignement de la géographie ; Microclimat ; Technique de recherche ; Température ; Température de surface
Microclimate ; Research technique ; Surface temperature ; Teaching of geography ; Temperature
Compares temperatures on five different surfaces - natural grass, bare ground, gravel parking lot, concrete sidewalk and blacktop parking lot. Discussion of purpose, intent, instruments and results. - (DWG)
Wind profiles near the surface were measured at different locations around shrubs at six field sites. Estimates of the magnitude of surface shear stress around shrubs indicate that the presence of shrubs decreases shear stress on the surface
and that the degree of protection is partly related to the density of shrubs on the surface.
The influence of surface roughness on the simplified relationship between daily evaporation and surface temperature
Climatologie appliquée ; Evaporation ; Géographie physique ; Régression linéaire ; Technique de recherche ; Température de surface
Développement de la relation linéaire simplifiée entre l'évaporation journalière et la température de surface à midi préconisée par Seguin et Itier. - (CB)
Remote sensing of land surface parameters of relevance to climate studies
This article is devoted to summarizing the basic techniques which have been developed to evaluate surface temperature, albedo, moisture and vegetation cover and the physical and statistical models which have been formulated to remotely assess, from
these surface parameters, evapotranspiration, surface fluxes and surface energy balance.
The gross morphology of the Precambrian basement of southern Sweden is analysed. The area has a donned form and emerges from under a cover of Palaeozoic rocks in the north and east and Mesozoic rocks in the south and west. A map of erosion surfaces
has been constructed for the southern part of the area. Exhumed sub-Cambrian, sub-Jurassic and sub-Cretaceous inclined surfaces are cut by more horizontal surfaces at different levels.
The A. argues that Yu. P. Seliverstov made a mistake when relating the Lower Cretaceous surface in Kazakhstan to the Gondvana surface in Africa : in fact it corresponds to the African surface which bears a thick lateritic crust. The latter is also
erroneously equated by Seliverstov with the Eocene surface in Kazakhstan which bears a thick lateric crust. The latter is also erroneously equated by Seliverstov with the Eocene surface in Kazakhstan which bears only siliceous crust of weathering. - (L'Ed.).
Smooth statitical surfaces are conventionally represented by isoline maps or block diagrams. Perceptual studies have suggested that these illustrations are difficult for map readers to interpret and that overall surface configuration is particularly
elusive on isoline maps. This paper presents an alternative method of illustrating continuous surface. It employs a digital plotter to create finely-spaced point symbols that vary in size according to interpolated z-values. After photographic reduction
, the maps has the appearance of a continuous change in gray tone corresponding to the surface it represents.
Wind erosion characteristics of Sahelian surface types
The aim of this study was to determine and compare relative wind erosion potentials of the most representative surface types over a transect comprising most parts of southwestern Niger. For this purpose, mobile wind tunnel experiments were run on 26
dominant surface types. The effects of surface disturbance were additionally determined for 13 of these surfaces. The results, namely measurements of wind fields and mass fluxes, can be classified according to specific surface characteristics. Three basic
surface groups with similar emission behaviour and aerodynamic characteristics were identified: (1) sand surfaces, (2) rough stone surfaces and (3) flat crusted surfaces. These results are comparable with field studies of natural erosion events and similar
A note on atmospheric circulation and surface temperature fields over South Africa
Afrique du Sud ; Circulation atmosphérique ; Climatologie ; Géographie de l'Afrique ; Température de surface ; Type de temps
The relationship between surface temperature fields and air circulation in South Africa were examined with a view to the improvement in an understanding of weather patterns. - (AJC)
Silcretes and their relationship to planation surfaces in Western Bohemia
L'A. recense les cuirasses silicieuses sur la surface des profils kaoliniques de la Boheme occidentale. Elles sont les produits d'une désintégration fossile et représentent les reliques de vieilles surfaces d'aplanissement. (MS).