The link between population density and welfare participation
Behaviour ; Living standard ; Participation ; Population density ; Poverty ; Social assistance ; United States
The AA. examine the connection between population density and household participation in the food stamp program, one of the broadest of the public assistance programs in that it serves low-income individuals in the United States. Population density
An estimator for the density of a sediment-induced stratified fluid
In this paper equations are presented to evaluate the density of water as a function of temperature, salt content, and sediment load. A nomograph based on these equations is applied to estimating the density variations of the Shapur River
, a sediment-laden stratified river in Southern Iran. It is illustrated that sediment gives rise to large peaks in density of the river.
A note on the average density function in urban analysis
Distance from city centre ; Population density ; Spatial structure ; Urban area
It is argued that the density function, commonly used in the study of urban spatial structure, is more appropriately described as the ‘marginal density function’. From such a marginal density function, it is possible to derive two types of average
density function, each being concerned with a particular aspect of the spatial structure of population. The first type is consistent with the standard approach to the ‘average’in economic analysis, while the second more completely takes account
of the urban context. The two types of average density function are examined for different underlying forms of the marginal density function. Of the two types, the second has a greater applicability than the first in the analysis of urban spatial structure.
Building density and interior building temperatures : a physical modeling experiment
Air temperature ; Applied climatology ; Model ; Radiation ; Temperature ; Urban density ; Urban settlement
The effect of building density on the interior temperatures of buildings is explored using scaled physical models. The urban canopy layer is modeled as a single-cube structure surrounded by a wall that represents neighboring structures. The results
show that nighttime cooling is primarily a function of building density, but that daytime heating depends on the interaction of density with changing model-sun relationships.
Choice ; Demographic change ; Methodology ; Population ; Population density ; Settlement ; Slovenia ; Statistical data
Population density is a quantity often used for the purposes of various evaluations and comparisons. Based on the gross density, the net density and the weighted density calculations for ten largest Slovenian settlements, the influence of the method
selection is demonstrated on the population density values. The results show that population density should be calculated based on inhabited areas and that the manner of calculations may drastically influence the population density values. - (IKR)
A structural approach to the form of the population density function
The central objective of this paper is to explore a comprehensive structural modeling approach that extracts analytical density functions answering questions raised by recent empirical studies.
Comparative trends in land-use under different levels of population density : the case of Gutu district in Zimbabwe
Four land tenure categories in Zimbabwe's Gutu district were selected to investigate the environmental impact of resource exploitation under different population densities. Results indicate that although high population density has initiated
environmental degradation in the form of deforestation, decline in grazing resources and increased erosion, similar trends have also emerged under low population densities. - (AJC)
Cubic spline population density functions and satellite city delimitation : the case of Barcelona
Barcelona ; Catalonia ; Density gradient ; Methodology ; Population density ; Second order urban centre ; Spain ; Urban density ; Urban model ; Urban population
Agglomeration ; Human capital ; Industrial structure ; Knowledge transfer ; Model ; Productivity ; Town ; United States of America ; Urban density
The AA. estimate a model of urban productivity in which the agglomeration effect of density is enhanced by a metropolitan area's stock of human capital. Using new information on output per worker for U.S. metropolitan areas along with a measure
of density that accounts for the spatial distribution of population, the AA. find that a doubling of density increases productivity by 2-4 percent. The elasticity of average labour productivity with respect with density increases with human capital
Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) densities and reproduction over the northern Sonoran Desert
The A. proposes to determine whether there are geographic or regional patterns in population density and reproductive density in saguaro populations. He establishes how saguaro density varies over the American portion of its range, and whether
it is summer rainfall and climate, or the availability of nurse cover (which is related to summer rainfall) that is linked to density. He distinguishes between these confounded variables. He also relates reproductive stem density (e.g. reproductive effort per
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of root density and root length density of grass on the erodibility of root-permeated saturated topsoils. Three plots were established on a sandy loam. Their treatments were bare, low density
drilled grass and high density drilled grass, simulating different root densities. The best relationship fitting the data is the Hill curve, indicating that relative soil detachment rates decrease to very low values with an increase in root density or root
length density. Grass roots are very effective in reducing soil detachment rates.
Measurement of density gradients and space-filling in urban systems
Bristol ; Built up area ; Density gradient ; Distance from city centre ; England ; Geographical information system ; United Kingdom ; Urban density ; Urban development ; Urban morphology ; Urban structure ; Urban system
Clearer conception and better measurement of density and the related concept of space-filling are seen as central to applied analysis in régional science. The AA. probe the uncertain and ambiguous conception of urban density and space-filling
, and illustrate how new data sources permit sensitivity analysis of measurements of these properties. Arguments are illustrated with an extensive analysis of some characteristics of a large UK city (Bristol), including a sensitivity analysis of density profiles
Classification of densities and characteristics of curve of population centers in China by GIS
Cartography ; China ; Classification ; Data ; Geographical information system ; Population ; Population density ; Spatial distribution
In this paper, with the spatial analysis functions in ArcGIS and the county-level census data of 2000 in China, the population density map was divided and shown by classes, meanwhile, the map system of population distribution and a curve
of population centers were formed; in accordance with the geographical proximity principle, the classes of population densities were reclassified and a population density map was obtained which had the spatial clustering characteristic. The results reveal
Quantifying permafrost patterns using Minkowski densities
Minkowski densities and density functions are measures for quantifying arbitrary binary patterns. They are employed here to describe permafrost patterns obtained from aerial photographs. The AA. demonstrate that images taken at 2 neighbouring sites
shown distinctly different patterns and quantify the difference. It is found that one of the sites exhibits an essentially single-scale structure while the other one has a multiscale organization. Minkowski densities and density functions are thus
In contrast to the former classification techniques the method described here calculates the actual value of the building density in the area of interest. Due to this fact a new objective method for calculating the building density by the means