Thermal characterization of winters in the 20th century in Kraków
Air temperature ; Climatic variability ; Cracow ; Freezing ; Global change ; Poland ; Season ; Temperature ; Time series ; Twentieth Century ; Weather type ; Winter
Based on Kraków's measurement series of air temperature in the 20th century an attempt was made to analyse the winter season by means of some criteria which are important for the thermal conditions which-in turn-influence natural processes
and phenomena. The first day with mean daily air temperature
days and sums of frost. Special attention was paid to extreme winters because of their thermal conditions as well as their frequency and variability.
Thermal differentiation of winters in the Carpathian Mountains altitudinal profile during the period 1961/62-1990/91
Advection ; Air temperature ; Altitude ; Atmospheric circulation ; Carpathian Mountains ; Cracow ; Frost ; Mountain ; Poland ; Temperature ; Urban effect ; Winter
This paper attempts an evaluation of winter thermal differentiation in the Carpathian altitudinal profile in relation to some external and internal factors of the montane climatic system. Mean monthly, mean daily and daily maximum air temperature
were taken, for 3 stations representing different altitudinal climatic zones, in the period 1961/62-1990/91. The variability of the dates of winter commencement and end, winter duration and thermal indices were analysed, as was the relation between
and then separately for the eastern and western parts. Overall precipitation totals in the Carpathians show downward trends, which are visible in summer and winter but which contrast with opposite trends in spring and summer. Agreement between the course and trend
Climatic changes in Southern Poland, including the Carpathian Mountains are shown in regional and local scale. There are discussed: changeability of the circulation indices during the winter season and fluctuations of the air temperatures based