Welcoming the wind ? Determinants of wind power development among U.S. States
Electricity ; Energy ; Farm ; United States of America ; Wind energy
of electricity demand and transmission line accessibility, together with state-based energy policies, including electric utility restructuring, renewable postfolio standards, and procedures for siting and permitting windfarms.
The article analyses the emerging geography of wind energy on a state-by-state basis. The primary determinants of wind energy development among U.S. states are human geographic factors of population distribution, and resulting geography
This paper makes a methodological proposal regarding the regional-scale (1:50,000–1:200,000) assessment of environmental conditions in respect of the locating of windfarms. The necessity for such strategic assessment reflects ongoing
intensification of the pressure windfarms are exerting on the Polish environment. 48 assessment criteria have ultimately been proposed here, on the basis of binding legal provisions and elements of good practice in spatial planning and environmental protection
. The identification and qualification of the criteria in question as either precluding or restricting to varying degrees the founding of windfarms may be helpful where the optimization of the location planning process is concerned. – (BJ)
The subject of the present paper is the damage caused by severe winds in Poland in 1975-86. Since 1985 individual farmers have been required to pay a natural disaster insurance for buildings, movables crops and livestock. Therefore, the damage
This paper examines the role of policies and farm management practices in controlling the effects of wind erosion on European light sandy soils. The study reported is part of the European European Union funded project : Wind Erosion on European
The Resurgent Conflict Between Offshore WindFarms and Tourism : Underlying Storylines
Efforts to put offshore windfarms in place have demonstrated that these are far from being conflict-free, evoking confrontations with a number of stakeholders' interests. One of the most persistent conflict lines refers to the feared adverse
of coastal communities and, thus constitute the conflict between offshore windfarms and tourism. Based on two cases studies in Scotland and Germany, five storylines are identified that are invoked by local opponents to substantiate impacts on tourism
necessitates a thorough consideration of oppositional arguments in the planning process for offshore windfarms.
Aeolian dust ; Aeolian features ; Loess ; Oregon ; Plateau ; Roughness ; Soil erosion ; Surface deposits ; United States of America ; Washington State ; Wind erosion ; Wind speed
, a region where prevalent farm practices expose large areas of bare soils to high winds.
measurements. Wind velocity data were analysed in conjunction with sediment trap particle size analysis and limited continuous PM 10 measurements from individual events. The data were from high-wind dust storms on the Columbia Plateau of Washington state
Adapting to climate change in South Africa: commercial farmers’ perception of and response to changing climate
Adaptation ; Agriculture ; Climatic change ; Farmer behaviour ; Perception ; South Africa
Understanding how and why farmers have responded to past climate change is a necessary step to informing how to support current and future adaptation. This paper explores commercial farmers’ perceptions and responses to shifting climates
in the Little Brak River area along South Africa’s south coast. It evaluates changes in climate experienced in the area by comparing quantitative statistical analyses of temperature, rainfall and wind data recorded from 1967 to 2009, with qualitative historical
Modelling wind-blown sediment transport around single vegetation elements
Aeolian features ; Africa ; Arid area ; Model ; Sahel ; Scattered vegetation ; Sediment transport ; Vegetation ; Wind erosion ; Wind speed
Starting with the selection of a suitable transport equation from 4 possible sediment transport equations, the effects of a single vegetation element on wind speed were parameterized. The model was tested with field data on wind speed and sediment
transport measured around isolated shrubs in a farmer's field in the north of Burkina Faso. The simple empirical equation of Radok performed best in modelling soil erosion and sediment transport, both for the entire event duration and for each minute within
an event. The variability in wind direction created a ‘rotating’ area of influence around the shrub. Compared to field measurements the model predicted an 8% larger reduction in sediment transport in the lee of the vegetation element, and a 22% larger
Predicting the soil erosion response requires consideration of both direct and indirect influences of climate. Models of climate change provide input data about temperature, rainfall and wind strength, but the indirect influences of climate
represented through changes in land use, crop selection and farming practice will be more difficult to predict. Approaches to the forecasting of prospective soil erosion must focus at the interaction between affected environmental processes and human-induced
Arid land ; Asian part of USSR ; Desert ; Farming system ; Karakum ; Primary production ; Quantitative ecology ; Rotation cropping ; Sand ; Turkmenistan ; Wind erosion deflation
erosion and wind hazard. The main part of the land is under animal husbandry although muchof the eastern part can be used for farming or forestry. Measures are suggested for improving land use.
Social perspectives on wind-power development in West Texas
Economic development ; Economic geography ; Energy ; Farmer ; Land use ; Legislation ; Project ; Public opinion ; Renewable energy ; Tax policy ; Texas ; United States of America ; Wind energy
Aeolian features ; Argentina ; Chubut ; Experimentation ; Patagonia ; Sediment transport ; Semi-arid area ; Soil ; Soil degradation ; Wind erosion
in order to select the best equation to integrate into a GIS-based wind erosion prediction system. It is shown that overgrazing and agricultural activities increase wind erosion risk in Patagonia.
Smallholding, hobby-farming, and commercial farming : ethical identities and the production of farming spaces
Agriculture ; Cultural studies ; Ethics ; Farmer ; Identity ; Production of space ; United Kingdom
The paper explores the production of farming identities and spaces, focusing especially on the relational construction of situated ethical identities. Using three case studies drawn from research with very small-scale farmers, the A. examines
processes of identification, drawing on ideas which suggest the importance of encounter, farming discourse, physical relation and heterogeneous association in the emergence of ethical identity in specific farming situations and places.
Continuous adjustment of family farms versus socialist structural transformation : the case of German agriculture
Farm ; Farming;Agriculture ; Germany ; Socialism
The text develops eight hypotheses as to why the socialist transformation from small family farms to large socialist farms had disadvantageous effects.―(l'A.).