Interannual variability of wind speed and wind power at five tall-tower sites in Minnesota (1996-2001)
Interannual variability ; Methodology ; Minnesota ; United States of America ; Wind ; Wind energy ; Wind speed ; Years 1990-99
The AA. use wind speed measurements from 1996-2001 at 70 m above ground (a typical wind turbine height) to investigate interannual variability in wind speed and wind power at 5 sites in Minnesota, and to determine whether the sites have similar
patterns of variability. They use the standard deviation (computed from mean hourly data) as a measure of within-year variability because squared differences emphasize the effects of the long tails of the wind speed and wind power distributions.
Wind erosion on arable land in Scania, Sweden and the relation to the wind climate - a review
Wind erosion in Europe. Special issue
Agricultural land use ; Climatic variation ; Cultivated land ; Skane ; Soil ; Soil erosion ; Sweden ; Vulnerability ; Weather type ; Wind ; Wind erosion
This paper addresses variations in the wind climate in relation to changes in the impact of wind erosion on agricultural lands with Scania, the southernmost province of Sweden, as an example. The literature concerning wind erosion in the region
is reviewed and the conclusions are linked to recent analyses of the regional wind climate.
The flux profile of a blowing sand cloud : a wind tunnel investigation
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; China ; Desert ; Experimentation ; Grain size distribution ; Model ; Wind speed
The AA. report the wind tunnel results of systematic tests of the flux profiles of different sized sands at different free-stream wind velocities. The results reveal that within the 60-cm near-surface layer, the decay of blown sand flux with height
can be expressed by an exponential function. The AA. define the physical significance of the parameters in flux profiles and their relationship to grain size and wind velocity. They also discuss the average saltation height of blown sand
Wind-splash erosion of bare peat on UK upland moorlands
Wind erosion in Europe. Special issue
England ; Humid environment ; Peat bog ; Sediment budget ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; United Kingdom ; Wind ; Wind erosion ; Wind speed
This paper presents the first results of a project that aims to determine the significance of wind action in the erosion of upland peat. Wind erosion monitoring is being undertaken at Moor House in the North Pennines on a 3-ha area of relatively
The great Australian wind rush and the devaluation of landscape amenity
Australia ; Coastal management ; Energy ; Energy policy ; Landscape ; Landscape evaluation ; Renewable energy ; Wind energy
Up until very recently, Australia generated hardly any electricity from the wind, but this situation is now changing. The paper outlines recent overseas developments in wind energy and focuses on the environmental and planning dilemmas posed
This paper examines the role of policies and farm management practices in controlling the effects of wind erosion on European light sandy soils. The study reported is part of the European European Union funded project : Wind Erosion on European
Aeolian deposit ; Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Europe ; Forecast ; Land use ; Model ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Wind erosion
Within the European Union (EU)-funded Project Wind Erosion on European Light Soils (WEELS), a model was designed and implemented with the aim of predicting the long-term spatial distribution of wind erosion risks in terms of eosion hours and wind
-induced soil loss. The AA. describe the different modules and show some results of wind erosion risk assessment in 2 study areas : the Barnham site (UK) and the Grönheim site (Germany).
Spatial scales of 137Cs-derived soil flux by wind in a 25 km2 arable area of eastern England
Wind erosion in Europe. Special issue
Cultivated land ; England ; Geostatistics ; Isotope analysis ; Krigeage ; Model ; Sampling ; Soil ; Suffolk ; United Kingdom ; Wind ; Wind erosion
The study area is in the county of Suffolk, in east Anglia. A total of 148 samples were taken and their analysis was used to produce a variogram of the spatial variation in 137Cs. The spatial variation of wind erosion and deposition processes
are considered and the implications of the extent and magnitude of soil flux by wind is discussed. Some implications for future large-area assessment of soil flux rates are considered in the light of the findings.
Aeolian features ; England ; Forecast ; Geographical information system ; Model ; Spatial analysis ; United Kingdom ; Wind erosion ; Wind speed
This paper presents a model to integrate windbreak shelter effects into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The GIS procedure incorporates the 1999 version windbreak sub-model of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS). Windbreak shelter
is modeled in terms of friction velocity reduction, which is a function of wind speed and direction, distance from the barrier, windbreak height, porosity, width, and orientation. A first application of the model was conducted at a study area
Wind erosion in a semiarid agricultural area of Spain : the WELSONS project
Wind erosion in Europe. Special issue
Aerosol ; Agricultural practice ; Aragón ; Arid area ; Cultivated land ; Land use ; Semi-arid area ; Soil ; Soil erosion ; Spain ; Wind erosion
The co-ordinated European research project Wind Erosion and Loss of SOil Nutrients in semiarid Spain (WELSONS) was carried out from 1996 to 1999 to understand and predict the potential impacts of land-use change and management on soil degradation
by wind erosion on agricultural land in Central Aragon. This paper gives an overview of the main results regarding the effects of agricultural practices (i.e. conventional, CT, versus reduced tillage, RT) on surface conditions affecting wind erosion
Climatic anomaly ; Fire ; Forest fire ; Romania ; Wind
In Romania, on March 7 2002, the weather was characterized by extreme wind conditions (over 40 m/s, especially in the Carpathians regions). The phenomenon was generated by a very high pressure gradient between the Southern and Northern regions
of Europe. The main effects of strong winds were many fires and trees felling almost all over the Romanian territory. - (BJ)
Agroclimatology ; Champagne-Ardenne ; Climatic event ; Forecast ; France ; Frost ; Marne ; Spatial variation ; Spring ; Vinegrowing area ; Wind
This article presents a study of the wind spatial variability. The studied area is the Marne vineyard, where a better knowledge of the wind field can allow an improvement of the frost risk forecast. - (BJ)
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Experimentation ; Grain size distribution ; Mathematical model ; Methodology ; Wind erosion ; Wind speed
Vertical profiles of the horizontal mass flux of blown sand are investigated experimentally using a passive vertical array in a wind tunnel. This investigation is complemented by the measurements of the longitudinal profiles of mass flux using
Energy ; Energy source ; Environmental conservation ; Hungary ; Renewable energy ; Wind energy
Author discusses the development of wind turbines as a possible way of exploitation of wind energy. Beside international examples the opportunities of this kind of energy production in Hungary are investigated. There have been only a few wind
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Aerosol ; Arid area ; Cultivated land ; Experimentation ; Model ; Niger ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Spain ; Wind
, its predictions in terms of horizontal and vertical mass fluxes are compared to direct measurements made in natural conditions on a silt loam soil in north-east Spain during Wind Erosion and loss of SOil Nutrients in semi-arid Spain (WELSONS
Andes ; Atmospheric circulation ; Chile ; Climate ; Climatic data ; Orographic effect ; Patagonia ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Weather type ; Wind ; Wind speed
weather stations (AWS) during a time period of 3 yr., 1999-2002. Air temperatures along the profile are highly correlated. The variations of rainfall with wind direction and synoptic weather types are markedly different between the central part
Applied climatology ; Climatic data ; Climatic index ; Data processing ; Human bioclimatology ; Italy ; Perception ; Snow ; Temperature ; Turin ; Wind ; Wintersports
The weather and snow condition supports play an important role in the realization of the Olympic Games of Turin 2006. The wind chill index expresses the cooling sensation caused by the combined effect of temperature and wind. We have analized
The very strong wind from the 7th March in entire Romania, recorded the highest speed in the Suceava County. In this period, this aria entered under the influence of Southern periphery influence of a Icelandic depression, situated in the North
of Europe. The Western intense wind (>144 km/h) produced the greatest felling in the forests of the County. - (BJ)