Strong and very strong winds were recorded at 16 stations during the period 1956-1965. Poland's climate is characterised by rather small average frequency of strong and very strong wind. Nevertheless geographical and dynamical factors influence
the frequency of wind. Tha aim of this study is to estimate the influence of changes of the atmospheric circulation on the frequency of strong and very strong wind. - (DG)
This paper deals with the effect of rainfall on the process of wind erosion of beach sands and presents results from both field and wind tunnel experiments. The study was carried out using fine, well sorted beached sand of one particular beach
. The influence of the surface moisture content on the initiation of wind erosion and on the vertical distribution of transported sand particles was studied in a wind tunnel. Moisture significantly increased threshold wind velocities for the initiation of sediment
Vertical distribution of wind-blown sand flux in the surface layer, Taklamakan Desert, Central Asia
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Arid area ; China ; Desert ; Dune ; Experimentation ; Sand ; Wind speed ; Xinjiang
The vertical distribution of the wind-blown sand flux in a 40 cm low layer above the ground surface was investigated through laboratory wind-tunnel tests and field measurements on the mobile dune surface during sand storms in the Taklamakan Desert
. The objectives were: to determine the effect of wind velocity on the distribution pattern of wind-blown sand flow; to examine the properties of the discontinuous function of the transport rate with height; and to develop an equation for expressing the vertical
distribution and predicting the total sediment transport quantity of wind-blown sand flux near the ground surface.
Field experiments on physical weathering and wind erosion in an Antarctic cold desert
Antarctica ; Cold area ; Cold desert ; Freezing ; Mountain ; Salt ; Surface temperature ; Weathering ; Wind erosion ; Wind speed
rockwalls, 2) disintegration of tuff blocks with or without saline solutions, and 3) abrasion of artificial walls by wind. Monitoring was also made of rock surface temperature and wind speed.
Saltation and wind-flow interaction in a variable slope wind tunnel
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Experimentation ; Grain size distribution ; Methodology ; Netherlands (The) ; Roughness ; Slope gradient ; Turbulence ; Wind speed
This paper describes how the characteristics of the boundary layer have been tested in a long horizontal wind tunnel. Then the AA. present data from a series of measurements in the SWT where they have studied flow characteristics over saltation
Wind transport of sand surfaces crusted with photoautotrophic microorganisms
Aeolian features ; Biogeography ; Duricrust ; Experimentation ; Micro-organism ; Sediment transport ; Wind erosion
This paper reports on a laboratory wind tunnel based comparison of the stability of mono-specific crusts formed by each of 3 selected photoautotrophs: Chlamydomonas acidophila, Lyngbya sp., and Nostoc commune. Only filamentous cyanobacteria
Estimates of wind erosion risk and rates using GIS modellling and caesium-137 on the Nullarbor Plain karst, Australia
Arid area ; Australia ; Erosion rate ; Geographical information system ; Grassland ; Isotope analysis ; Karst ; Plant cover ; Risk ; Scrub ; Sediment budget ; Soil erosion ; Western Australia ; Wind erosion
This paper presents data from one pastoral property, Mundrabilla Station in Western Australia. Wind speed and vegetation cover data have been used to estimate likely areas of wind erosion in a geographic information system. The activity levels
Wind disturbance and development of a near-edge forest interior, Mary Peak, Oregon coast range
Biogeography ; Ecology ; Exceptional event ; Forest ; Forest edge ; Forest stand ; Oregon ; Plant canopy ; Statistics ; Storm ; United States of America ; Vegetation dynamics ; Wind
This study examines a noble fir (Abies procera) forest in the Oregon Coast Range to assess the role of wind disturbance in creating the structural characteristics of a developing forest interior. Specifically, the AA. explore how tree age and size
, mortality, and regeneration of the near-edge forest interior are affected by disturbance resulting from catastrophic wind storms.
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Avalanche ; California ; Mass movement ; Model ; Roughness ; Soil properties ; United States of America ; Wind erosion ; Wind speed
The increase of soil mass flux with distance downwind, the fetch effect for wind erosion, has been observed and reported on since 1939. The model proposed incorporates 3 mechanisms: 1) the avalanching mechanism in which one particle moving downwind
Sediment fluxes and particle grain-size characteristics of wind-eroded sediments in Southeastern Australia
Aeolian features ; Arid area ; Australia ; Cultivated land ; Dust storm ; Grain size distribution ; New South Wales ; Organic materials ; Sandy soil ; Sediment transport ; Semi-arid area ; Soil ; Suspended load ; Wind erosion
Grain-size characteristics and the flux of sediment transported by wind from a cultivated paddock in a Quaternary relict dune field, at Mendook, are described: distribution of soil mass with height; particle-size characteristics of suspended
sediments; relationship of sediment flux to wind erosivity and duration.
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Arid area ; Barchan ; California ; Dune ; Grain size distribution ; Sand ; Slope exposure ; United States of America ; Wind speed
Measurements of sediment flux on the windward slope of an isolated barchan using an array of 30 sand traps provide new data that can constrain models of dune dynamics. The data show that at low incident wind speeds, flux increases up the dune
exponentially, whereas at higher wind speeds the increase with distance approaches linearity. The wind profile measurements demonstrate that conventional wind profiles, derived from anemometry on dunes, do not measure the part of the boundary layer
Aeolian dust transport and deposition by foehn winds in an alpine environment, Lake Tekapo, New Zealand
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Dust storm ; Erodibility ; Foehn ; Lacustrine basin ; Mountain ; New Zealand ; South Island ; Topography ; Wind erosion ; Wind speed
Observation from an automatic weather station and anemograph network are used in conjunction with recorded dust deposition rates to identify principle sources of wind blown dust within an alpine lake basin. Meteorological observations made
Wind streaks: geological and botanical effects on surface albedo contrast
Aeolian features ; Albedo ; Alluvial nappe ; Arid area ; California ; Desert ; LANDSAT ; Leaching ; Plant cover ; Remote sensing ; United States of America ; Volcanic ash ; Wind ; Wind erosion
The objective of this study was to better understand wind streak formation and modification processes through field examination of two distinctly different wind streaks in the eastern Mojave desert. The Amboy and Sleeping Beauty wind streaks
Arizona ; Chemical erosion ; Geomorphogenesis ; Model ; Seismicity ; United States of America ; Weathering ; Wind ; Wind speed
inclined joints penetrating the rock was much more likely. The uniformity of column heights suggests that either rare, high velocity winds or prehistoric seismicity cropped the previous generation of columns to seismic shaking.
Grain-size distributions of wind-eroded material above a flat bare soil
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Cultivated land ; Dust storm ; Grain size distribution ; Sedimentology ; Soil erosion ; Texas ; United States of America ; Wind erosion
. This paper reports the results of an examination of the grain-size distribution in a sandy loam soil in Big Spring, Texas, during sand-dust storms in the 1995 wind-erosion season.
Wind erosion and PM10 emissions from agricultural fields on the Columbia Plateau
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Agricultural practice ; Arid area ; Cultivated land ; Roughness ; Semi-arid area ; Soil ; Soil erosion ; Suspended load ; United States of America ; Washington ; Wind erosion
Analysis from 8 wind events show that significant relations exist between total mass of soil in both horizontal (saltation) and vertical (suspension) transport. The data suggest that by limiting horizontal soil erosion, emitted dust can
Wind-tunnel modelling of the influence of vegetation structure on saltation threshold
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Arid area ; Experimentation ; Plant cover ; Roughness ; Vegetation ; Wind erosion
This paper is concerned with the development of predictive relations for application to the natural or spontaneous vegetation cover of arid and semiarid lands. Wind-tunnel experiments using arrays of model roughness elements to simulate vegetation
Aeolian features ; Arid area ; Arizona ; Experimentation ; Plant canopy ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; United States of America ; Wasteland ; Wind erosion ; Wind speed
Shear velocity ratios were derived for 6 neighbouring localities representing rangeland, abandoned farmland and a playa, in the semi-arid region of the Sonoran Desert. Near-surface and above-canopy wind speeds, mostly below saltation threshold, were
used to evaluate the partitioning of shear velocities and shear stresses between the plant canopy and the surface. Results are discussed with the goal of assessing the protection provided by sparse vegetation against wind erosion.