Oral histories as a baseline of landscape restoration – co-management and watershed knowledge in Jukajoki river
Cultural studies ; Ecological restoration ; Ecosystem ; Finland ; Governance ; Karelia ; Knowledge ; Landscape ; Local population ; Watershed
This article explores local oral histories and communal written texts (Sámi times, Savo-Karelian times and the industrial age) and their role in the damaged watershed of Jukajoki located in Kontiolahti and Joensuu municipalities, North Karelia
collaborative governance with a formal role of local ecological knowledge as a future management option for this area. It concludes that watershed restoration and associated baseline information benefits from the oral histories recorded with people who still
Avulsion ; Channel geometry ; Coastal plain ; Confluent ; River bed ; Sea level ; Stream ; Texas ; United States of America ; Watershed
This study explores the origin of 15 small coastal watersheds (SCWs) confined entirely to the lower Coastal Plain, which lie between the watersheds of the major rivers flowing across the Texas Coastal Plain. The relationship between SCWs and larger
rivers was examined to determine whether the SCWs developed independently of the larger rivers, or became separated from them due to drowning of confluences by sea level rise or watershed fragmentation avulsions. None of the SCWs show evidence
of developing independently of larger drainages. Avulsions are generally common in the study area, but for a channel shift to result in watershed fragmentation 3 conditions must occur. First, a successful avulsion (i.e., the new channel becomes dominant) must
Mass-balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO2 consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA
Basalt ; Biogeochemistry ; Carbon dioxide ; Forest ; Geochemistry ; Glacier mass balance ; Global change ; Maryland ; United States of America ; Watershed ; Weathering
Mineral weathering rates and a forest macronutrient uptake stoichiometry were determined for the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed in north-central Maryland, USA. The stoichiometry of a deciduous biomass term was determined using multi
-year weekly to biweekly stream-water chemistry for a nearby watershed, which drains relatively unreactive quartzite bedrock. Based on carbon-balance calculations, atmospheric-derived sulfuric acid is responsible for approximately 22% of the mineral
weathering occurring in the watershed. It is highlighted that rising air temperatures, driven by global warming and resulting in higher precipitation, will cause the rate of chemical weathering in the Hauver Branch watershed to increase until a threshold
How does imperviousness develop and affect runoff generation in an urbanizing watershed?
Finland ; Land use ; Overland flow ; Repellency ; Stream ; Urban development ; Watershed
This study analyzes the contribution of four constructed surfaces types – roofs, yards, roads, and an international airport – to surface runoff within the Kylmäoja stream watershed, Southern Finland and presents the development over five decades
This paper aimed to evaluate the accuracy of soil erosion plots with different lengths in estimation of runoff and soil loss from the Sanganeh watershed, in Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran. Runoff and sediment was collected at the outlet of each
plot as well as main outlet of the watershed associated with 12 storm events occurred during November 2006 to June 2007. The results verified that the accuracy of plot estimates on sediment and runoff improved while the plot length increased
and those measured at the main outlet of the watershed.
2013
[b1] Dep. of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares Univ., Noor, Iran, Republique Islamique d'
[a3] USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center, AZ, Tucson, Etats-Unis
Measuring bluff erosion part 2 : pairing aerial photographs and terrestrial laser scanning to create a watershed scale sediment budget
Aerial photography ; Bank erosion ; Escarpment ; Methodology ; Minnesota ; Remote sensing ; Sediment budget ; Terrestrial laser scanning ; United States of America ; Watershed
The AA. aim to determine the magnitude of erosion from tall bluffs, in the Le Sueur watershed, Minnesota. They coupled analyses of 7 decades of aerial photographs with 4 years of repeat terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to determine erosion rates
on bluffs. Erosion rates from aerial photographs and TLS were extrapolated from 243 and 15 measured bluffs, respectively, to all 480 bluffs in the Le Sueur watershed using multiple techniques to obtain estimates of sediment loading from these features
at the watershed-scale. Despite different spatial and temporal measurement scales, the aerial photograph and TLS estimates yielded similar results for bluff retreat rate and total mass of sediment derived from bluffs, with bluffs in the Le Sueur watershed yielding
2013
[b3] Watershed Sciences Dept., Utah State Univ., Logan, Etats-Unis
Comparison of two stream gauging systems for measuring runoff and sediment yield for a semi-arid watershed
Arizona ; Comparative study ; Experimental catchment ; Instrumentation ; Research technique ; Sediment budget ; Semi-arid area ; United States of America ; Water erosion ; Watershed
An arid watershed at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) near Tombstone, AZ, was instrumented with both systems and hydrologic and sediment data were collected and compared during a 2 year period. Total sediment yield for the entire
2013
[b1] Southwest Watershed Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Dept. of Agriculture, AZ, Tucson, Etats-Unis
Modeling the sediment yield from landslides in the Shihmen Reservoir watershed, Taiwan
Hydrometeorology ; Landslide ; Model ; Mountain ; Sediment budget ; Sediment transport ; Space time ; Taiwan ; Typhoon ; Watershed
Landslide erosion and sediment delivery to the Shihmen Reservoir watershed in Taiwan was estimated using empirical landslide frequency–area and volume-area relationships, empirical landslide runout models, and the Hydrological Simulation Program
. Model simulations indicate that only a small proportion of the landslide material was delivered downstream. In general, the transfer of sediment in the fluvial system in the Shihmen Reservoir watershed is dominantly transport limited. The imbalance
between sediment supply and transport capacity has resulted in a considerable quantity of landslide material remaining in the upper-stream regions of the watershed.
Modeling the impact of land use changes on runoff and sediment yield in the Le Sueur watershed, Minnesota using GeoWEPP
Impact ; Land use ; Minnesota ; Model ; Runoff ; Sediment budget ; United States of America ; Water erosion ; Watershed
To develop a sediment budget for the Le Sueur River, this study implemented a process-based watershed hydrology and upland erosion model, Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP), to simulate hydrology and sediment dynamics in several land-use/land
2013
[b2] Dep. of Watershed Sciences, Utah Sate Univ., Logan, Etats-Unis
Weathering and soil formation rates based on geochemical mass balances in a small forested watershed under acid precipitation in subtropical China
Acid rain ; Anhui ; Chemical erosion ; China ; Forest ; Geochemistry ; Model ; Multiple regression ; Pedogenesis ; Subtropical zone ; Watershed ; Weathering
In this study, rates of weathering and soil formation on granite and their dependences on acid precipitation were studied in a small forested watershed, Fengxingzhuang (FXZ), in subtropical China using geochemical mass balance equations and multiple
that acid precipitation is very severe in the FXZ forested watershed. A proposed model that quantitatively describes weathering and soil formation rates is a combined product of rainfall amount and air temperature resulting from multiple regressions, which
Bank erosion ; Erosion rate ; Floodplain ; Fluvial terrace ; Geomorphometry ; Model ; Mountain ; North Carolina ; Sediment budget ; Stream ; United States of America ; Watershed
This study examined the contribution of total sediment yield derived solely from eroded stream banks in small watersheds (
with different land covers (Coweeta Creek and Skeenah Creek watersheds in the Upper Little Tennessee River basin). Bank-derived sediment yield estimates were modeled in a Geographic Information System, using linear regression to relate floodplain widths
lateral migration and sediment yield results compare favorably to empirical measurements from 5 independent watersheds in the region.
Estimating wet soil aggregate stability from easily available properties in a highly mountainous watershed
Aggregate ; Central Iran ; Comparative study ; Iran ; Methodology ; Model ; Mountain ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Topography ; Vegetation index ; Water erosion ; Watershed
for prediction of soil wet aggregate stability (as quantified by the mean weight diameter, MWD) in a highly mountainous watershed (Bazoft watershed, southwestern Iran). Three different sets of available data including soil properties alone, topographic attributes
Aerial photography ; California ; Coastal environment ; Geographical information system ; Land use ; Landslide ; Natural hazards ; Precipitation ; Slope gradient ; Spatial distribution ; Statistical analysis ; United States of America ; Watershed
Landslide area probability density function (PDF) statistics elucidate the landslide magnitude–frequency distribution in a small coastal watershed in central California. Detailed mapping into a GIS and compilation of 2 slide inventories in Walker
at the scale of a small watershed.
2013
[b2] Watershed Center, Univ. of California, Davis, Etats-Unis
The AA. quantified landslide erosion triggered by 24 rainfall events from 2001 to 2009 in 3 mountainous watersheds in Taiwan and investigated relationships between landslide erosion and rainfall variables. The results show positive power-law
erosion. Comparison of the 3 watersheds indicates that deeper landslides that mobilize soil and bedrock are triggered by long-duration rainfall, whereas shallow landslides are triggered by short-duration rainfall. These results suggest that rainfall
intensity and watershed characteristics are important controls on rainfall-triggered landslide erosion and that severe typhoons, like high-magnitude earthquakes, can generate high rates of landslide erosion in Taiwan.
Modeling the response of within-storm runoff and erosion dynamics to climate change in two Mediterranean watersheds : A multi-model, multi-scale approach to scenario design and analysis
Climatic change ; Mediterranean area ; Model ; Plant cover ; Portugal ; Rainstorm ; Runoff ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion ; Watershed
The AA. study the impacts of climate change on runoff and soil erosion in 2 Mediterranean watersheds, located in central and southern Portugal, by coupling a seasonal-scale with an event-scale model. PROMES results were used to estimate changes
2013
[a3] USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center, AZ, Tucson, Etats-Unis
Fractal features of soil particle-size distribution and total soil nitrogen distribution in a typical watershed in the source area of the middle Dan River, China
Aggregate ; China ; Erosion control ; Fractals ; Grain size distribution ; Land use ; Nitrogen ; Porosity ; Shaanxi ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Watershed
Particle-size distribution (PSD) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) were determined in soil from depths of 0-60 cm in 4 soil horizons for different plant communities in a watershed in the middle Dan River Valley. There was an obvious decreasing trend
In 6 study areas in the North Carolina Piedmont, 100 channel heads were mapped in fully-forested watersheds, revealing a channel initiation relationship between contributing area and local slope. Flow in these channels is generated by subsurface
and overland flow. The measured relative slope exponent is lower than expected based on literature values of ~2 for forested watersheds with subsurface and overland flow, suggesting that the channel network extent may reflect a former hydrological regime
. However, geomorphic evidence of recovery in channel heads within fully forested watersheds is greater than those with present day pasture. Channel network extent appears to be sensitive to land use change, with recovery beginning within decades
China ; Concentrated flow ; Experimental catchment ; Flood ; Gansu ; Loess ; Model ; Plateau ; Sediment budget ; Sediment transport ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion ; Watershed
Ten experimental sites of entire slope and sub-watershed and 580 flood events at 3 locations in the hilly areas of the Chinese Loess Plateau are involved in this study. The analysis at the intra-event time scale shows that the instantaneous sediment
that a single proportional function is adequate to fit the flow–sediment relationship for any entire slope or sub-watershed, where eroded sediments are primarily sourced, over a considerable areal extent unless soil property has changed or check dams
Africa ; Asia ; Conflict ; Discharge ; Europe ; Fresh water ; Frontier ; Nineteenth Century ; North America ; South America ; Stream ; Twenty-first century ; Water ; Water management ; Water supply ; Watershed
runoff”, but in Asia, Africa and South America, the major adopted indicators in the watersheds with insufficient water are “mean annual runoff” and “keeping minimum water flow”, the ones in the watersheds with sufficient water are “keeping minimum water