Recent developments in large-scale watertransfers in the USSR
Current status and future plans for large-scale watertransfers in the USSR (European diversion projects and Siberian diversion projects)| account given by G. V. Voropaev, director of the Insitute of water problems in Moscow.
(Assessing the feasibility of watertransfer from the South to the North by the Eastern route through historical records of drought).
Records of the occurrence of drought for the last 500 years in the three respective regions of watertransferring, water exporting and water receiving schemes are analysed. Drought disasters occur simultaneously in 12 years out of every 100 in all
the three regions and of these 3 are severe droughts. There are also records of successive dry years of two to six years on a stretch These phenomena cast doubts on the feasibility of the proposed watertransfer and special consideration for them is needed
This paper presents a simple understanding-oriented model based on the conditioned-walker technique. This model simulates overland-flow triggering, i.e. the development of watertransfer among depressions and to the runoff boundary. By the use
of relevant measurements, the paper intends to provide further understanding about the control of overland-flow by the surface roughness due to the storage of water by depressions.
Water diversion proposals for the European USSR: status and trends
An American specialist on water diversion in the Soviet Union reviews the situation with respect to the proposed transfer projects within the European USSR, which are expected to receive priority over the proposed transfer of water from Western
Asynchronism-synchronism of regional precipitation in South-to-North WaterTransfer planned areas
China ; Hydraulic works ; Precipitation ; Project ; Statistics ; Twentieth Century ; Water management ; Water resources
In this research, the AA. try to provide the rational basis for South-to-North WaterTransfer Project planning and designing by analyzing the water resources synchronism features for North China versus the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze
River and North China versus the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. Usually, the water resources of a certain region are estimated according to its natural runoff. The features of the runoff, however, have been distorted greatly due to the impact
of human activities. The synchonism features should be obtained by analyzing precipitation rather than by natural runoff series. The AA. regard precipitation as the original water resources for a certain region and use it as the basis for water resources
Temporal variation in downstream sediment transfer in the Lower Yellow River
China ; Huang He ; Human impact ; Hydraulic works ; Sediment transport ; Soil conservation ; Stream ; Twentieth Century ; Water resources ; Watershed
An index of sediment transferring function (Fs) is applied in this study to reveal the temporal variation in the downstream sediment transfer of the Lower Yellow River. It is found that in the past 50 years, this sediment transferring function index
, the changing drainage basin factors have resulted in the decrease in the sediment transferring function of the Lower Yellow River.
Remote sensing of soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer processes
Energy balance ; Evaporation ; Model ; Plant canopy ; Radiation ; Remote sensing ; Soil ; Soil properties ; Soil water ; Spectral reflectance ; Vegetation
This article assesses the potentially powerful combination of remotely sensed data and soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) schemes. SVATS represent the hydrological processes occuring at the land surface and can be used to estimate, among
other processes, the exchange of water and energy between the soil, vegetation and the atmosphere. They require information about the interaction of radiation with the soil and vegetation. This approach is illustrated by the estimation of soil hydraulic
China ; Climatic warming ; Evaporation ; Global change ; Hydrological regime ; Model ; Rill wash ; Soil moisture ; Stream ; Water resources
This paper, based on a semi-conceptual hydrological model, analyses global warming effects on the Hanjiang River hydrological regimes and water resources, including soil moisture, evaporation, runoff and the transferablewater quantity from
the Danjiangkou Reservoir according to Middle Route of China's South-to-North WaterTransfer Project.
Incorporating soil surface crusting processes in an expert-based runoff model : sealing and transfer by runoff and erosion related to agricultural management
Soil pattern as a key controlling factor of water erosion. Special issue
Agropedology ; Duricrust ; Field experiment ; France ; Haute-Normandie ; Infiltration ; Loess ; Model ; Precipitation ; Runoff ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
is to describe the elaboration of the model called Sealing and Transfer by Runoff and Erosion related to Agricultural Management (STREAM)
Diurnal variations in the inorganic solute content of water draining from an alpine snowpatch
of melt watertransferred to the channel through different routes. This suggests that variations in water quality over the diurnal cycle might be used to partition the flow hydrograph. It also indicates a source of bias in mass yield estimates.
Results of short-interval sampling for water quality over seven diurnal flow cycles from the Martinelli basin. They show an inverse relationship between discharge and the concentration of most solute species which reflects varying proportions
The derivation of water volume reflectances from airborne MSS data using in situ water volume reflectances, and combined optimization technique and radiative transfer model
Transfert hydrique dans le végétal. III. Simulation de l'influence des paramètres du couvert sur l'évolution diurne du potentiel hydrique foliaire. (Watertransfer in plants. III. Simulation of the influence of the canopy's parameters on the diurnal
Application date as a controlling factor of pesticide transfers to surface water during runoff events
to June 2010. By testing the behaviour of the 2 molecules, it was shown that sorption processes were influencing the control of application timing on the transfer to surface water. At last, the study discusses the potential implications of the sensitivity
In agricultural watersheds, pesticide contamination in surface water mostly occurs during stormflow events. The AA. aimed to assess the sensitivity of the river network pesticide concentration patterns to application timing shifts within a plausible
range of application dates, considering 2 pre-emergence herbicides (metolachlor and aclonifen) characterised by 2 different octanol/water partition coefficients. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied in the agricultural watershed