Geograficka a casova promenlivost vlahové potreby plodin. (Geographical and time variability of the waterneed of plants)
Geographical and time variability of the need mentioned in Czechoslovakia as well as its dependence on altitude is demonstrated on the case of beet. The conclusions are applicable both for supplementary irrigation using unpolluted water
and for vegetation irrigation using waste waters with predominant irrigation effect.
Fog : a possible solution to rural water problems ?
Countryside ; Fog ; Fresh water ; Project ; South Africa ; Water ; Waterneeds ; Water resources
Acute water shortages are experienced regularly in many areas. It is thus of the greatest importance to identify other sources of water in these regions. Fog is one such new source of fresh water and shows a significant potential for use
as a domestic water supply, notably the South African Fog Water Project. - (AJC)
Bulgaria ; Consumption ; Demand ; Water ; Water economics ; Water management ; Water use
for development of new resources. The possibilities for reducing water use and the need for developing a national conservation program are discussed. An analysis of the variables which affect water use is performed. Developing of water-use efficiency standards
Existing water resources can become inadequate if water losses are too important and if there is an irrational use of water. Water conservation could solve some water supply problems by providing more reasonable water consumption and additional time
for plumbing fixtures and conservation-oriented water rates and measures are proposed.
Drinking water ; Karst ; Planning ; Slovenia ; Spring ; Water ; Water economics ; Waterneeds ; Water quality ; Water supply
Karst springs are important resources of local drinking water supply, covering almost half of the country’s needs. This paper discusses water supply in the past and today, problems and challenges that it is facing. The quality of karst water sources
is good but the protection of catchment areas is insufficient. To keep our biggest reservoir of qualitative drinking water safe, further planning of water supply will need to base on appropriate research, as are the presented ones. - (L'A.).
The shortage of water resources in the Northern territory of China and its mitigative countermeasures
China ; Conflict ; Environment ; Northern China ; Water ; Water management ; Waterneeds ; Water resources ; Water use
The shortage of water resource and large scale exploitation of groundwater have caused a series of environmental problems. The aims of mitigative countermeasures are mainly at developing water saving agriculture and industries, strenghtening water
resources management and reallocating water resources between different regions.
Implications of shifts in the Israeli water discourse for Israeli-Palestinian water negotiations
Discourse ; Environment ; Geopolitics ; Groundwater ; Israel ; Security ; Water ; Water management ; Waterneeds ; Water resources
The paper analyzes the shifts in the internal Israeli water discourse. It argues that despite the immutable water policy scene within Israel, the previous unison discourse has fragmented in the last decade as a result of structural changes
Rough water, smooth water : a comprehensive classification of water-flow characteristics
Classification ; Montana ; Runoff ; Taxonomy ; United States of America ; Water
or instrumentation are needed) of the water in each category and a photograph from Montana to illustrate each. He ends by broefly discussing the uses of the classification scheme. - (SLD)
Article contains the author's original classification of water-flow characteristics. Classification is made up of 7 categories that may be combined into two broad groups. The A. provides a verbal description (no precise measurements
Socio-economic factors influencing sustainable water supply in Botswana
Arid area ; Botswana ; Economic cost ; Price fixing ; Water ; Water economics ; Waterneeds ; Water resources
Botswana is concerned with water shortages which may hamper people's basic needs and industrial development in the future. Other sustainability concerns relate to the environment (pollution), social factor (equity and affordability) and economic
considerations (cost recovery and efficiency). Prices, costs and the value of water are instrumental in striking a compromise between these goals. Trends in pricing and their relationship with costs and resource value are presented, and the impact of prices
and subsidies on water demand and supply reviewed in order to assess their contribution towards a sustainable equilibrium.
Anthropogenic changes in water conditions in the Lublin area
Anthropogenic impact on water conditions (Vistula and Oder river basins)
Groundwater ; Hydraulic works ; Lublin ; Poland ; Urban development ; Water ; Water circulation ; Waterneeds ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Watershed
The development of the city of Lublin has been closely associated with the exploitation of water resources in the Bystrzyca river basin. The extension of this city ditinctly affects the water conditions of the middle part of this basin. Lublin
is supplied with water almost solely from underground resources, a situation which has been dictated by excellent-quality and easy-available underground waters and small resources of surface water. A high level of exploitation of the underground waters has led
The private sector, urban water conservation and developing countries : a stakeholder theory-driven perspective from Botswana
Botswana ; Management ; Private sector ; Urban economy ; Urbanization ; Water ; Water management ; Waterneeds
Botswana is a semi-arid and water scare country with a fast growing urban population. The private sector is an important actor for the urban economy to remain functional and competitive. The contribution of the private sector companies in water
conservation and their contribution to the wider urban water management system in Botswana are explored. - (AJC)
Fog ; Northern Cape ; Resource management ; Rural development ; South Africa ; Sustainable development ; Water ; Waterneeds ; Water resources ; Water supply
An investigation of domestic water inadequacy in 1995 identified Lepelfontein as a settlement with an insufficient supply of fresh water, initiating a pilot study on fog harvesting aimed at improving fresh water supply and water security