Bulgaria ; Consumption ; Demand ; Water ; Watereconomics ; Water management ; Water use
Existing water resources can become inadequate if water losses are too important and if there is an irrational use of water. Water conservation could solve some water supply problems by providing more reasonable water consumption and additional time
for development of new resources. The possibilities for reducing water use and the need for developing a national conservation program are discussed. An analysis of the variables which affect water use is performed. Developing of water-use efficiency standards
for plumbing fixtures and conservation-oriented water rates and measures are proposed.
Marketing channel ; Water ; Watereconomics ; Water management ; Water resources ; Water supply ; World
but is one of the claims to be subjected to decision making. Managing the demand of water in the framework of the objectives of a national socio-economic development plan is a challenge in the water planning process. This planning requires strong mechanisms
Recent investigations conclude that there are many areas where the demands are growing beyond water availability and problems arise from intensive withdrawals, mismanagement, or simply low availability. Water demand is no longer an evident necessity
Allocation ; Management ; New Zealand ; Water ; Watereconomics ; Water management ; Water resources ; Water use
Implementing the resource management act compels those responsible for managing the allocation and end-use of water resources to address several conceptual issues. They include the expansion of the range of relevant management values, regionalism
Water quality and its regional differentiation in China
With the uneven distribution of water resources in rivers, the relationship between water pollution and economic development and the regional difference and trend of water pollution are analysed.
Asia ; Conflict ; Euphrates ; Jordan ; Middle East ; Nile ; Political geography ; Water ; Watereconomics ; Water management ; Water resources
Analysis of the water resource conflicts in the three major international river basins of the Middle East: the Tigris-Euphrates, Nile, and Jordan-Yarmuk. - (DWG)
Substitutes for water are being found in the Middle East and North Africa
Agricultural use ; Asia ; Food production ; Middle East ; Self-sufficiency in food ; Water ; Watereconomics ; Water management ; Water resources ; Water use
Food gaps are resulting from mismatches between the demand and supply of water in semi-arid and arid countries. The institutions with responsibility for the allocation and planning of water use are not robust enough to provide leadership to ensure
that scarce water is used sustainably. Case studies in these regions exemplify the strategies adopted in various circumstances.
Socio-economic factors influencing sustainable water supply in Botswana
Arid area ; Botswana ; Economic cost ; Price fixing ; Water ; Watereconomics ; Water needs ; Water resources
Botswana is concerned with water shortages which may hamper people's basic needs and industrial development in the future. Other sustainability concerns relate to the environment (pollution), social factor (equity and affordability) and economic
considerations (cost recovery and efficiency). Prices, costs and the value of water are instrumental in striking a compromise between these goals. Trends in pricing and their relationship with costs and resource value are presented, and the impact of prices
and subsidies on water demand and supply reviewed in order to assess their contribution towards a sustainable equilibrium.
The utilization of water resource and the oasis economic development in arid land. A case study of Turpan Basin
Arid area ; China ; Groundwater ; Oasis ; Runoff ; Sustainable development ; Water ; Water resources ; Water use ; Watershed
of water resource is unreasonable. According to the transforming pattern between runoff and groundwater in the basin, an overall planning of the utilization of the water resource is advanced. Building up an economic system which can effectively use water
This paper briefly analyzes the characteristics of the basin's water resources, and expounds the processes of their utilization and regional development. It points out that the exploration of water resource is close to the limit and the utilization
resource is the orientation of the oasis sustainable economic development.
Economic development threatens groundwater in Puerto Rico: results of a field study
Aquifer ; Development ; Groundwater ; Land use ; Puerto Rico ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Watershed
Water wells from four Puerto Rican municipios were tested for 15 water-quality parameters. Noxious chemicals contaminated this water, presenting risks to human health. - (DWG)
Mineral waters and hydrogeothermal resources in Bulgaria
Water resources of Bulgaria
Aquifer ; Bulgaria ; Geological structure ; Geothermics ; Mineral water ; Natural resources ; Neotectonics ; Water ; Water resources
and quantitative features of the principal groups of thermal mineral waters and their aquifer systems; and the prospects for utilization of the hydrogeothermal wealth in the social and economic life of this country.
This paper presents generalized information and evaluation of the geological structure and neotectonic features of Bulgaria and their control on the formation, reproduction and accumulation of thermal mineral waters; the spatial, qualitative
[b1] Dept. of Mineral and Thermal Waters, National Center for Balneology and Physiotherapy, Bulgarie
Allocative efficiency of rural Nevada water systems: a hedonic shadow cost function
Countryside ; Economic efficiency ; Hedonistic model ; Nevada ; Price fixing ; United States of America ; Utility fonction ; Water ; Watereconomics ; Water use
The efficiency of the water utility firms in rural Nevada and their input optimization are examined. The methodology incorporates a hedonic specification of the cost function in estimating the effect of the regulatory environment and the quality
of water services on the optimum utilization of inputs. Allocative distortions are introduced through shadow prices.
Agriculture ; Bulgaria ; Drinking water ; Drought ; Industry ; Sofia ; Water ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Water use ; Weather type ; Years 1990-99
persistence remains a mystery. Similarly, from the perspective of water supply and use, it is clear that the crisis would have reached disaster proportions if had not economic downturns in industry and agriculture taken place since 1989.
Regulating water services for the poor : the case of Amman
Jordan ; Poverty ; Regulation ; Service ; Town ; Urban administration ; Urban infrastructure ; Vulnerability ; Water supply
A private management contractor was introduced to Amman, along with a form of economic regulation. The paper investigates the status of water supply service and regulatory arrangements with respect to poor and vulnerable consumers. It identifies
specific regulatory challenges. In its extremes of connection coverage, water scarcity and population, the management of water supply presages the pro-poor water service challenge of many economies irrespective of the extent to which they may achieve
[b1] Centre for Water Science, Univ., Cranfield, Royaume-Uni
Water management in South Asia in the 21st century
Asia ; China ; Climatic variation ; Global change ; India ; Irrigation ; Model ; Pakistan ; Population growth ; Simulation ; South Korea ; Southern Asia ; Water ; Water deficit ; Water resources
Results of the impact of climate change on water resources in 4 countries in South Asia. Under present socio-economic and climatic conditions, China, India, Pakistan and South Korea are facing water deficits. The characteristic feature of water
management in South Asia is the dominating role of agriculture in water use. The key question addressed in the paper is the impact of climate change on water resources, and the adaptive measures that may be used to cope with water deficits. In all
the analyzed countries, the mean reason for worsening water conditions is the expected population growth, the effect of climate change is marginal.
Position and potential of water tourism in Hungary and in the South Transdanubian region
Environment ; Hungary ; Natural environment ; Tourism ; Water
The main aim of this paper is to reveal the importance and the natural and economic background of water tourism in Hungary, especially focusing on South Transdanubia as a case study. After the introduction of tourism and its general importance
in Hungary the characteristics of water tourism are investigated, with special attention to seasonality, weather conditions, natural environment and its regional pattern. - (JS)