Bulgaria ; Consumption ; Demand ; Water ; Water economics ; Water management ; Water use
Existing water resources can become inadequate if water losses are too important and if there is an irrational use of water. Waterconservation could solve some water supply problems by providing more reasonable water consumption and additional time
for development of new resources. The possibilities for reducing water use and the need for developing a national conservation program are discussed. An analysis of the variables which affect water use is performed. Developing of water-use efficiency standards
for plumbing fixtures and conservation-oriented water rates and measures are proposed.
From soil and waterconservation to sustainable land management
Agricultural practice ; Environment ; Environmental management ; Land use ; Soil ; Soil conservation ; Soil erosion ; Sustainable development ; Water
Conservation des sols ; Développement durable ; Eau ; Environnement ; Erosion des sols ; Gestion de l'environnement ; Pratique culturale ; Sol ; Utilisation du sol
Part III of this volume II with 6 chapters : sustainable land use management - policies, strategies and economics; institutional and planning aspects of soil and waterconservation; approaches to soil and waterconservation and watershed development
; technologies for soil and waterconservation and sustainable land management; adoption of soil and waterconservation practices; land tenure and soil and waterconservation.
A water « atlas » exercise with conservation students
Applied hydrology ; Ohio ; Pedagogy ; United States ; Water ; Water resources
With information assembled by university-level geography students, the A. explains a three-stage approach to creating a water atlas of the State of Ohio that included maps of geology, climate, hydrology, soils, ecology, wetlands, groundwater
, irrigation, public water supply, industrial water use and water quality. - (DWG)
Water and soil resource conservation and utilization on the northwest side of Mount Kenya
Forest ; Hydrology ; Kenya ; Land use ; Water balance ; Water cycle;Water circulation ; Water resources
balance of the Naro Moru Basin and waterconservation in the foothills of Kalala and Matanya.―(DWG)
The forest belt between 2 400 and 3 500 m on Mt. Kenya is important for the supply of perennial water to streams and recharge of the groundwater table in the semi-arid plateau below. Two scales are used to study the interrelationships : water
A study on scheme of soil and waterconservation regionalization in China
China ; Land use ; Qualitative analysis ; Quantitative analysis ; Regionalization ; Soil ; Soil conservation ; Soil erosion ; Water ; Waterconservation ; Water use ; Zoning
Analyse qualitative ; Analyse quantitative ; Chine ; Conservation de l'eau ; Conservation des sols ; Eau ; Erosion des sols ; Régionalisation ; Sol ; Utilisation de l'eau ; Utilisation du sol ; Zonage
In this paper, based on synthetical analysis of the characteristics of eco-environments of China, the principles, indices and nomenclature of the regionalization of soil and waterconservation are proposed. Through the construction
of the regionalization of soil and waterconservation collaboration platform and data reporting system, combined with existing soil and waterconservation research, this paper uses the top-down and bottom-up and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods
to build soil and waterconservation regionalization preliminary scheme, with 8 regions, 41 sub-regions and 117 sections divided in China.
[b1] Key Laboratory of Soil and WaterConservation and Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, Forestry Univ., Beijing, Chine
[b2] Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute, Beijing, Chine
The private sector, urban waterconservation and developing countries : a stakeholder theory-driven perspective from Botswana
Botswana ; Management ; Private sector ; Urban economy ; Urbanization ; Water ; Water management ; Water needs
conservation and their contribution to the wider urban water management system in Botswana are explored. - (AJC)
Botswana is a semi-arid and water scare country with a fast growing urban population. The private sector is an important actor for the urban economy to remain functional and competitive. The contribution of the private sector companies in water
Conservation tillage for rational water management and soil conservation
Agricultural practice ; Agriculture ; Agropedology ; Erosion control ; Soil conservation ; Soil water ; Water management
Agriculture ; Agropédologie ; Conservation des sols ; Eau du sol ; Gestion de l'eau ; Lutte contre l'érosion ; Pratique culturale
Conservation agriculture is a very successful method for keeping rainwater in the soil and for decreasing the sediment and nutrient load of surface waters. The authors concluded that by applying non-inversion, shallow tillage runoff can be reduced
to a mere one third and soil loss to the thirtieth-fortieth of the values measured under conventional tillage, depending on weather conditions of the given year. Experiments show that conservation agriculture provides for profitable production
Agropédologie ; Biomasse ; Conservation des sols ; Domaine aride ; Eau du sol ; Erosion des sols ; Erythrée ; Ethiopie ; Expérimentation ; Rendement agricole ; Ruissellement
This paper investigates the performance of selected soil and waterconservation measures in the highlands of Ethiopia and Eritrea, namely Fanya Juu, soil/stone bund, grass strips and double ditches. The impact of these techniques on runoff, soil
A pragmatic approach to modelling soil and waterconservation measures with a catchment scale erosion model
Cultivated land ; Kenya ; Kenya Mount ; Model ; Rill wash ; Simulation ; Soil conservation ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion ; Watershed
Bassin-versant ; Conservation des sols ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Kenya ; Kenya mont ; Modèle ; Ruissellement ; Simulation ; Sol cultivé
The aim of this study was to use a pragmatic approach to model the effect of soil and waterconservation (SWC) measures on runoff and erosion at catchment scale, using a process-based erosion model (LISEM). The study area is the Gikuuri catchment
Proposals for soil conservation, utilization of water bodies and mining in Hunan province.
Chine ; Chine, centre-sud ; Conservation des ressources ; Conservation des sols ; Déboisement ; Eau ; Economie de l'eau ; Erosion des sols ; Extraction minière ; Ghum ; Géographie de l'Asie ; Hunan ; Lutte contre l'érosion ; Mine ; Pêche
Describes the rise in the rate of soil erosion in ten years, and its consequent damage to soil fertility, navigation, and water retaining capacity of lakes and reservoirs. Identifies the causes as deforestation, unsuitable exploitation of steep
slopes for agriculture, mineral prospecting, and fuel gathering. The loss of fishery resources resulting from the dwindling of water bodies is particularly lamentable. (TNC).
The geography of land use and water quality in Puerto Rico
Environmental conservation ; Land use ; Puerto Rico ; Water ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Watershed
Field sampling in the Basins of the Yaguez, Cibuco and Guayanés Rivers revealed that their waters are heavily contaminated with coliform bacteria, nitrogenous compounds, heavy metals and semi-volatile organic compounds. The AA. believe this degree
Bassin-versant ; Conservation des sols ; Erosion des sols ; Gestion de l'eau ; Gestion de l'environnement ; Lesotho ; Modélisation ; Montagne
Curbing soil erosion is essential to ensure the sustainable use of land within the Lesotho Highlands Water Project catchments. Models of soil loss were developed. The identification of land facets with severe erosion potential and the derivation
of information on the causal factors form the basis for management and conservation planning. - (AJC)
The Grand River Conservation Commission : history, activities and implications for water management
Administration ; Canada ; Catchment area;Watershed ; Dam ; Hydraulic works ; Ontario ; Organization ; Water management ; Water resources
Examine la création, le fonctionnement et les réalisations de la Commission de Conservation de Grand River avant 1938 et après 1938 en Ontario. « L'évolution de la Commission montre que les dispositions institutionnelles sont facilitées lorsque les
Management of soil surface characteristics for soil and waterconservation : the case of a silty loam region (Pays de Caux, France)
Agricultural practice ; Agropedology ; Erosion control ; France ; Gully erosion ; Haute-Normandie ; Loam ; Rill wash ; Soil conservation ; Soil erosion ; Temperate zone ; Water erosion ; Watershed
Agropédologie ; Bassin-versant ; Conservation des sols ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; France ; Haute-Normandie ; Limon ; Lutte contre l'érosion ; Pratique culturale ; Ravinement ; Ruissellement ; Zone tempérée
This paper explores, from an agronomic viewpoint, the way soil surface characteristics may be managed for soil and waterconservation purposes in a silty loam soil context : Pays de Caux, France. The AA. first consider the tools used to characterize
Environmental and ecological water requirement of river system : a case study of Haihe-Luanhe river system
China ; Ecological crisis ; Ecosystem ; Environmental conservation ; Hydrosystem ; Northern China ; Stream ; Water resources ; Water use
to be consumed by the natural water bodies to conserve its environmental and ecological functions. Based on this definition, the methods on calculating the amount of environmental and ecological water requirement are determined in the case study on Haihe-Luanhe
In order to reduce the environmental and ecological problems induced by water resources development and utilization, this paper proposes a concept of environmental and ecological water requirement. It is defined as the minimum water amount
Grassroots-based watershed conservation in Central Appalachia
Appalachian Mountains ; Association ; Environment ; Environmental conservation ; Land management ; United States of America ; Water management ; Watershed ; West Virginia
Author discusses watershed conservation measures in West Virginia, which has 32 catchment areas. Each watershed is evaluated officially for a number of factors every five years. In addition, there are 90 grass-roots watershed associations that deal
with nonpoint polllution, sewage, water quantity, and land management and other issues. A case study of the watershed association in Knapps Creek, West Virginia is presented. - (SLD)
Agricultural practice ; China ; Environment ; Environmental management ; Loess ; Plateau ; Population growth ; Rill wash ; Soil conservation ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
Chine ; Conservation des sols ; Croissance démographique ; Environnement ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Gestion de l'environnement ; Loess ; Plateau ; Pratique culturale ; Ruissellement
The Loess Plateau has a long cultivation history, hence population growth, vegetation degeneration and plugging constitute the chief reason for serious soil and water loss on Loess Plateau. This paper analyses several successful cases and failures
in soil conservation, presents practical soil conservation technique and related benefit analysis, and discusses some effective methods adopted in China in soil erosion control, research directions and future perspectives on Loess Plateau.
Water resources optimization and eco-environmental protection in Qaidam Basin
Arid area ; China ; Ecosystem ; Environmental conservation ; Model ; North-Western China ; Optimization ; Sustainable development ; Water ; Water resources
Based on the essential principle of sustainable development, this paper puts forward a general idea on water resources optimization and eco-environmental protection in Qaidam Basin, and identifies the competitive multiple targets of water resources
optimization. According to the Multiple Targets Decision by the Closest Value Model, the best plan of water resources optimization, eco-environmental protection and sustainable development in Qaidam Basin is finally decided.
A pilot project on the potential contribution of palm-mat geotextiles to soil conservation
England ; Experimentation ; Runoff ; Shropshire ; Soil conservation ; Soil erosion ; United Kingdom ; Water erosion
Conservation des sols ; Ecoulement ; England ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Expérimentation ; Géotextile ; Royaume-Uni ; Shropshire
In this pilot project, the AA. investigate the feasibility of employing palm-mat geotextiles as a potential soil conservation technique. Investigations were conducted at the Hilton Experimental Site, east Shropshire, UK, within the southern section