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Forest ; Meteorology ; Modelling ; Precipitation ; Slovenia ; Water balance ; Water regime
Balance hidrológico ; Bosque ; Meteorología ; Modelización ; Precipitación ; Régimen hídrico
Forests exert a major influence on water regime. Interception is one of the major components of the water balance of overgrown areas so measurement of individual components of the forest hydrological cycle developed extensively in the last decades

Effect of uncertainties in measured variables on the calculated mass balance of Storglaciären

Effect of uncertainties in measured variables on the calculated mass balance of Storglaciären
Special issue : Methods of mass balance measurements and modeling
Geographical information system ; Glacier ; Glacier mass balance ; Glaciology ; Measurement ; Methodology ; Spatial distribution ; Sweden
. Sparse data sets may not be appropriate for flow modelling or water balance calculations while they are well suited for climatic studies.
Detailed mass balance measurements have been carried out on Storglaciären since 1945, adhering to a fixed system of measurements since the 1960s. Using a geographical information system approach, the effect of parameters such as density conversion
model, systematic snow probing error and ablation gradient calculation on the mass balance of the glacier can be investigated. It is evident that the measure of total mass balance of Storglaciären is not sensitive to variations in these parameters

Vodni toky v Jihomoravském kraji. (Water streams in the South Moravian Region)

Vodni toky v Jihomoravském kraji. (Water streams in the South Moravian Region)
Water management problems and balance in particular river basins of South Moravia. There are 22 reservoirs in operation in general. The quality of surface water is poor. (MS).

Water balance in a banded vegetation pattern. A case study of tiger bush in western Niger

Water balance in a banded vegetation pattern. A case study of tiger bush in western Niger
The significance of soil, water and landscape processes in banded vegetation patterning
Biogenic process ; Ecosystem ; Infiltration ; Niger ; Porosity ; Rill wash ; Sahel ; Soil moisture ; Soil water ; Water balance
This paper aims to calculate water balance of an entire tiger bush unit, including bare and vegetated areas, to validate a rain redistribution hypothesis. They monitored measurements of runoff and soil moisture content in each zone composing a tiger

Water balance computations for larger regions based on calibrated models of gauges catchments in Hydrological research basins and the environment.

Water balance computations for larger regions based on calibrated models of gauges catchments in Hydrological research basins and the environment.
, urge for an accurate knowledge of the water resources and their distribution in time and space. In an attempt to explore the boundary conditions for water management in Flanders, water balance computations are carried out for the Flemish Region
The continuously increasing stress on water resources with respect to quantity as well as quality, the conflicts arising from multifunctional use of the available water, and environmental considerations which are growing more and more important
, and for 27 geographical subregions as defined in the General Water Treatment Scheme of the Flemish Government.

Evaluation of soil water balance comonents under different land uses in a mediterranean mountain catchment Catalan Pre-Pyrenees NE Spain)

Evaluation of soil water balance comonents under different land uses in a mediterranean mountain catchment Catalan Pre-Pyrenees NE Spain)
Catalonia ; Land use ; Mediterranean area ; Model ; Mountain ; Spain ; Water balance ; Watershed
Aprovechamiento del suelo ; Balance hidrológico ; Campo mediterráneo ; Cuenca hidrográfica ; Modelo ; Montaña
and evapotranspiration (ET) measurements, surface water collection with runoff boxes, continuous soil water measurement with capacitance probes, throughfall pluviometers and stem flow rings. The AA. present the results of applying a weekly water balance in 6 stations
over 2 years (2004-2005). The water balance was measured at each station. They applied the TOPLATS model a fully process-based hydrologic model, simulating all processes related to the hydrologic cycle. The results obtained indicated that the model
A study was carried out at Ribera Salada Catchment (NE Spain), affected by the abandonment of agriculture since 1950s, to determine the components of water budget under different land uses. Field monitoring consisted of precipitation
accurately predicted the water budget of the watersheds measured in both years.

Simulation of climate change impacts on water balances in the central United States

Simulation of climate change impacts on water balances in the central United States
Atmospheric circulation ; Climatic variation ; Climatology ; Global change ; Human impact ; Model ; Potential evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Statistics ; United States ; Water balance ; Water resources
Climate change is simulated using a stochastic weather generator model forced to simulate an increase in temperature of 2.5oC and in precipitation of 10 percent over a 50-year period. Output from the climate simulations are input into a water
balance model. Simulations are performed for five climate divisions along a transect from semiarid western Kansas to humid eastern Missouri. When attempting to detect the climate change signal in hydroclimatic variables, temperature and potential

Water balance modelling of (Sub-)Arctic rivers and freshwater supply to the Barents Sea Basin

Water balance modelling of (Sub-)Arctic rivers and freshwater supply to the Barents Sea Basin
Arctic Ocean ; Climatic change ; Cold area ; Finland ; Fresh water ; Modelling ; Ocean atmosphere interaction ; Pic discharge ; Stream ; Stream flow ; Subarctic zone ; Water balance
Specific objectives were to : adjust an existing water balance model to the specific (Sub-)Arctic conditions found in the Tana and Usa River Basins, and assess the impact of climate change scenarios on the freshwater supply of these rivers

Assessing regional evapotranspiration and water balance across a Mediterranean montane climate gradient

Assessing regional evapotranspiration and water balance across a Mediterranean montane climate gradient
California ; Evapotranspiration ; Hydrology ; Lapse rate ; Mountain ; Precipitation ; United States of America ; Water budget
Balance hídrico ; California ; Estados Unidos ; Evapotranspiración ; Hidrología ; Montaña ; Precipitación

Lake Michigan beach-ridge and dune development, lake level, and variability in regional water balance

Lake Michigan beach-ridge and dune development, lake level, and variability in regional water balance
Aerial photography ; C 14 dating ; Dune ; Holocene ; Lake ; Lake level ; Michigan ; Palaeoclimatology ; Quaternary ; United States of America ; Water balance

A re-evaluation of the average annual global water balance

A re-evaluation of the average annual global water balance
Climatology ; Methodology ; Potential evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Statistical bias ; Temperature ; Water balance

Water balance and soil loss under long fallow agriculture in the Venezuelan Andes

Water balance and soil loss under long fallow agriculture in the Venezuelan Andes
Andes ; Fallow land ; Farming system ; Impact study ; Mountain ; Runoff ; Soil erosion ; Venezuela ; Water balance

Storsteinsfjellbreen : variations in mass balance from the 1960s to the 1990s

Storsteinsfjellbreen : variations in mass balance from the 1960s to the 1990s
Aerial photography ; Glacier ; Glacier mass balance ; Map ; Norway ; Photointerpretation ; Summer ; Sweden ; Winter ; Years 1960-69 ; Years 1970-79 ; Years 1980-89 ; Years 1990-99
The mass balance of Storsteinsfjellbreen was observed during two 5-year periods (1964-68) and (1991-95). Comparisons made during the first of these periods indicate that 2 other small Norwegian glaciers in the area showed positive and negative net
balances similar to Storsteinfjellbreen. Annual net balance was found to be similar to the Swedish Storglaciären except for 1 year (1968). Consequently, it seems clear that, all the observed glaciers in the area are showing the same general pattern
in their mass balance. Further, the more maritime Storsteinsfjellbreen does not seem to collect more snow during the winter than the more continental Storglaciären.
[b1] Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Administration, Oslo, Norvege

A talajnedvesség vizhaztartasanak elemzése. (Analysis of soil moisture balance)

A talajnedvesség vizhaztartasanak elemzése. (Analysis of soil moisture balance)
The natural and artificial regulation of water balance in the soil moisture zone is not only hydrologically important but also entwined with economic interests. The present study, a summary of the results of an international (IAHS) project, outlines

A model for heat and water balance estimation and its application to land use and climate variation

A model for heat and water balance estimation and its application to land use and climate variation
Agricultural climatology;Agroclimatology ; Catchment area;Watershed ; Climatic variation ; Evapotranspiration ; Greenhouse effect ; Heat balance ; Land use ; Model ; Poland ; Water balance
This paper presents a method for estimating heat balance components based on standard meteorological data, plant development stage, and land-use conditions. Estimates of latent heat flux components made it possible to obtain values of areal

Hidrološke raziskave ARSO na območju Bohinja

Alps (The) ; Discharge ; Evapotranspiration ; Hydrology ; Precipitation ; Slovenia ; Water balance
results of the observations are regularly published in Hydrological Yearbooks and are available to public. Within the water balance analyses the data on water discharges are harmonized with the data on precipitation and evapotranspiration. Two water
as the water balance is concerned. - (IKR)
The Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia (ARSO) performs hydrological measurements in the Bohinj region at the water gauging stations on the Sava Bohinjka, the Savica, the Bistrica, the Mostnica, and on Lake Bohinj. The summarized
tracing tests were made in the Bohinj region in order to clear up the established discordances. They show that, due to karstic bifurcation, the drainage area of the water gauging stations in the Bohinj region has to be treated as one unit as far

Hydrological characteristics and water resources

Hydrological characteristics and water resources
Brunei ; Catchment area;Watershed ; Drainage network ; Drinking water ; Drought ; Evaporation ; Flood ; Flow ; Fluvial hydrology ; Ground water;Underground water ; Precipitation ; Stream ; Water balance ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Water

Catskill Mountain water ressources : vulnerability, hydroclimatology, and climate-change sensitivity

Catskill Mountain water ressources : vulnerability, hydroclimatology, and climate-change sensitivity
Climatic variation ; Hydrology ; Interannual variability ; Model ; Mountain ; New York State ; Precipitation ; Seasonal variation ; Snow ; United States of America ; Vulnerability ; Water balance ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Watershed
of the Thornwaite water-balance model is applied to one of six basins in the Catskill Mountains that together provide water for approximately 10 million people in New York City and other municipilaties. In addition to Thornwaite's original soil moisture reservoir
The AA. present an initial assessment of the potential impact of climate change on water supply in the Metropolitan East Coast (MEC) region of the U.S. National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change. A version
, the model includes the snow pack water reservoir of Willmott, Rowe, and Mintz (1985), a ground-water storage term, and several additional modifications.

Modelling long-term summer and winter balances and the climate sensitivity of Storbreen, Norway

Modelling long-term summer and winter balances and the climate sensitivity of Storbreen, Norway
Albedo ; Climatic variability ; Glacier ; Glacier mass balance ; Model ; Norway ; Precipitation ; Temperature
Albedo ; Balance de masa ; Helero ; Modelo ; Precipitación ; Temperatura ; Variabilidad climática
Measurements of winter balance (bw) and summer balance (bs) have been carried out at Storbreen since 1949. Here, the AA. apply a simple mass balance model to study the climate sensitivity and to reconstruct the mass balance series prior to 1949
. The model is calibrated and validated with data from an automatic weather station (AWS) operating in the ablation zone of Storbreen since 2001. Results from the model compared well with reported mass balance values for the period 1949-2006. Reconstruction
of the mass balance series for the period 1924/1925-1948/1949 suggested a cumulative mass deficit mainly due to highly negative summer balances.
[b1] Section for Glaciers, Snow and Ice, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), oslo, Norvege

The impact of climate on the discharge of the River Rhine

Climate ; Climatic variability ; Discharge ; Europe ; Impact ; Model ; Rhine ; Stream ; Water balance
. In this respect the sensitivity of the river has been analysed, a spatially distributed water balance model has been developed and finally discharge scenarios are assessed. - (AGD)

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