Bulgaria ; Consumption ; Demand ; Water ; Water economics ; Water management ; Water use
Existing water resources can become inadequate if water losses are too important and if there is an irrational use of water. Water conservation could solve some water supply problems by providing more reasonable water consumption and additional time
for development of new resources. The possibilities for reducing water use and the need for developing a national conservation program are discussed. An analysis of the variables which affect water use is performed. Developing of water-use efficiency standards
for plumbing fixtures and conservation-oriented water rates and measures are proposed.
Fog : a possible solution to rural water problems ?
Countryside ; Fog ; Fresh water ; Project ; South Africa ; Water ; Water needs ; Water resources
Acute water shortages are experienced regularly in many areas. It is thus of the greatest importance to identify other sources of water in these regions. Fog is one such new source of fresh water and shows a significant potential for use
as a domestic water supply, notably the South African Fog Water Project. - (AJC)
Agriculture ; Hungary ; Hydrology ; Water budget ; Water pollution ; Water quality
This paper gives a short overview about the hydrological conditions of Hungary with special attention to water budget and water quality problems. It begins with an overview to what extent Hungary is dependent on water, then the water budget
of the country is described with special reference to the interests of agriculture and reservoir capacities in the various regions. The second half of the paper focuses on the contamination problems of surface and ground water bodies. - (JS)
Assessment and utilization of soil water resources
Agriculture ; China ; Groundwater ; Irrigation ; Northern China ; Water ; Water budget ; Water management ; Water resources
Based on the analyses of water interactions and water balance, this paper discusses the issues on the assessment and regulation of soil water resources, which lays the scientific basis for limited irrigation and water-saving agriculture.
The shortage of water resources in the Northern territory of China and its mitigative countermeasures
China ; Conflict ; Environment ; Northern China ; Water ; Water management ; Water needs ; Water resources ; Water use
The shortage of water resource and large scale exploitation of groundwater have caused a series of environmental problems. The aims of mitigative countermeasures are mainly at developing water saving agriculture and industries, strenghtening water
resources management and reallocating water resources between different regions.
Marketing channel ; Water ; Water economics ; Water management ; Water resources ; Water supply ; World
Recent investigations conclude that there are many areas where the demands are growing beyond water availability and problems arise from intensive withdrawals, mismanagement, or simply low availability. Water demand is no longer an evident necessity
but is one of the claims to be subjected to decision making. Managing the demand of water in the framework of the objectives of a national socio-economic development plan is a challenge in the water planning process. This planning requires strong mechanisms
A water « atlas » exercise with conservation students
Applied hydrology ; Ohio ; Pedagogy ; United States ; Water ; Water resources
With information assembled by university-level geography students, the A. explains a three-stage approach to creating a water atlas of the State of Ohio that included maps of geology, climate, hydrology, soils, ecology, wetlands, groundwater
, irrigation, public water supply, industrial water use and water quality. - (DWG)
Himalayan water resources : ecological and political aspects of management
Asia ; Ecology ; Flood ; Fluvial hydrology ; Himalaya ; Hydraulic works ; Mountain ; Water ; Water management ; Water resources
Overview of water from the Himalayan mountain system with discussion of its variability, the growth of pressure on water resources, the phenomena of floods and droughts, storage and diversion of its streams, dams, and the institutional framework
Allocation ; Management ; New Zealand ; Water ; Water economics ; Water management ; Water resources ; Water use
Implementing the resource management act compels those responsible for managing the allocation and end-use of water resources to address several conceptual issues. They include the expansion of the range of relevant management values, regionalism
The role of flood plains in the sustainable water supply of Pécs
Danube ; Floodplain ; Hungary ; Lower valley ; Town ; Water ; Water management ; Water supply
The main aim of the paper is to present the unsustainable conditions of water supply of Pécs and to detect the main reasons behind it. First the special role of the flood plain along the Lower Danube Valley in the water supply of the town
is considered, then obstacles to achieving sustainable water management are analysed. - (JS)
Anthropogenic changes in water conditions in the Lublin area
Anthropogenic impact on water conditions (Vistula and Oder river basins)
Groundwater ; Hydraulic works ; Lublin ; Poland ; Urban development ; Water ; Water circulation ; Water needs ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Watershed
The development of the city of Lublin has been closely associated with the exploitation of water resources in the Bystrzyca river basin. The extension of this city ditinctly affects the water conditions of the middle part of this basin. Lublin
is supplied with water almost solely from underground resources, a situation which has been dictated by excellent-quality and easy-available underground waters and small resources of surface water. A high level of exploitation of the underground waters has led
Impacts of human activities on water cycles in Haihe basin
China ; Human impact ; Impact ; Phreatic ground water ; Water balance ; Water cycle ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Water use ; Watershed
This paper studies effects of human activities on water cycle in Haihe basin, focusing on the effects on the key elements of water balance and environmental issues caused by unreasonable water development and utilization. River runoff reduction
, groundwater over-exploitation, and water pollution have caused a series of environmental problems in the area. The best way to meet increasing water demands of human activities is to raise efficiency of water resources use. Waste water discharge should
Carrying capacity ; Ground water;Underground water ; Hydro-electric station ; Navigation ; Rill wash;Runoff ; Romania ; Water ; Water resources ; Water use
In relation to population, Romania's water supplies are quite modest. They are essentialy provided by the rivers. The factors responsible for both maximum and minimum runoff are discussed and particular reference is made to the floods of 1970. Load
and turbidity levels are also discussed. Underground water sources are described and a review of demand gives particular attention to hydroelectricity and water transport.
Substitutes for water are being found in the Middle East and North Africa
Agricultural use ; Asia ; Food production ; Middle East ; Self-sufficiency in food ; Water ; Water economics ; Water management ; Water resources ; Water use
Food gaps are resulting from mismatches between the demand and supply of water in semi-arid and arid countries. The institutions with responsibility for the allocation and planning of water use are not robust enough to provide leadership to ensure
that scarce water is used sustainably. Case studies in these regions exemplify the strategies adopted in various circumstances.
Implications of shifts in the Israeli water discourse for Israeli-Palestinian water negotiations
Discourse ; Environment ; Geopolitics ; Groundwater ; Israel ; Security ; Water ; Water management ; Water needs ; Water resources
The paper analyzes the shifts in the internal Israeli water discourse. It argues that despite the immutable water policy scene within Israel, the previous unison discourse has fragmented in the last decade as a result of structural changes
Method for calculating ecological water storage and ecological water requirement of marsh
Applied ecology ; Bog ; China ; Humid environment ; Jilin ; Water management ; Water needs ; Water resources
In this study, the definition and connotation of the ecological water storage of marsh is discussed, and its distinction and relationship with ecological water requirement are also analyzed. Furthermore, the gist and method of calculating ecological
water storage and ecological water requirement have been provided, and Momoge wetland, (located in Zhenlai county, Jilin Province, China), has been given as an example of calculation of the two variables. Ecological water use of marsh can be ascertained
according to ecological water storage and ecological water requirement.
Ecosystem ; Human impact ; Hydrochemistry ; Landscape ; Regional planning ; Water ; Water cycle ; Water quality ; Watershed
This paper focuses on landscape analysis for the integration of land and water. It analyzes the main natural components of landscape systems and the ways in which the determinants are being influenced by human activities. A multitude of different
interactions between land characteristics and water phenomena are identified.