Method for calculating ecological water storage and ecological water requirement of marsh
Applied ecology ; Bog ; China ; Humid environment ; Jilin ; Water management ; Water needs ; Water resources
In this study, the definition and connotation of the ecological water storage of marsh is discussed, and its distinction and relationship with ecological water requirement are also analyzed. Furthermore, the gist and method of calculating ecological
water storage and ecological water requirement have been provided, and Momoge wetland, (located in Zhenlai county, Jilin Province, China), has been given as an example of calculation of the two variables. Ecological water use of marsh can be ascertained
according to ecological water storage and ecological water requirement.
Regulating water services for the poor : the case of Amman
Jordan ; Poverty ; Regulation ; Service ; Town ; Urban administration ; Urban infrastructure ; Vulnerability ; Water supply
A private management contractor was introduced to Amman, along with a form of economic regulation. The paper investigates the status of water supply service and regulatory arrangements with respect to poor and vulnerable consumers. It identifies
specific regulatory challenges. In its extremes of connection coverage, water scarcity and population, the management of water supply presages the pro-poor water service challenge of many economies irrespective of the extent to which they may achieve
2009
[b1] Centre for Water Science, Univ., Cranfield, Royaume-Uni
Community and participation in water resources management : gendering and naturing development debates from Bangladesh
Bangladesh ; Community ; Gender ; Participation ; Pollution ; Water ; Water management ; Water resources
Drawing on a case study of drinking water contamination by arsenic in Bangladesh, the article examines the mobilisation and outcomes of participation and community in water provision and arsenic mitigation. It seeks to problematise the ways
Neoliberalism and water reforms in western India : commercialization, self-sufficiency, and regulatory bodies
India ; Maharashtra ; Marketing ; Neo liberalism ; Reform ; Regulation ; Urban supply ; Water
The paper deals with the changes brought about by the reforms in water currently under way in many parts of the world. Three particular reforms in the state of Maharashtra are discussed : the commercialization of a parastatal body, the concept
of self-sufficiency as it plays out in the contxt or urban local bodies, and the working of the regulatory body in water. Changes in institutional practices are resulting in changes in subjectivities, foreclosing alternatives, and leading to attempts
The benefit-sharing principle : implementing sovereignty bargains on water
Guinea ; Mali ; Mauritania ; Senegal ; Sovereignty ; Trans-border area ; Water ; Water management ; Watershed
The AA. examine an instance of international cooperation that exemplifies an alternative approach to international river management. The benefit-sharing principle focuses on allocating the outputs from water use, rather than the water itself
Identifying the relationships between urban water consumption and weather variables in Seoul, Korea
Climate ; Climatic change ; Model ; Precipitation ; Seoul ; South Korea ; Temperature ; Town ; Water ; Water management ; Water resources ; Water use ; Wind ; Wind speed
The AA. conducted a statistical analysis of the relation between observed climate and municipal water use in Seoul for the years 2002 to 2007, as a preliminary step in establishing the extent to which water use is affected by weather and climate
and what weather and climate variables are most deterministic. Significant improvement of the modeling of seasonal water use was achieved by developing autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, which account for auto correlation in the time
series and explain up to 66% of the variance in water use. The results indicate that weather plays a significant role in determining water consumption in Seoul, and that has important implications for manegement of urban water resources under potential
Integrated assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in arid area
Arid area ; China ; Gansu ; Model ; Urbanization ; Water ; Water resources
Based on qualitative and quantitative methods, the AA. constructed an integrated indicator system to assess the status of water resources and urbanization system in arid area, and established an AHP model reformed by entropy technology to evaluate
the temporal and spatial variations of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization. This model is applied to the Hexi Corridor, a typical arid area in NW China. Results show that, water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in the Hexi
Corridor is bigger in the east and smaller in the west. It has changed from the less strong constraint type into the strong constraint type from 1985 to 2005, yet it decreased appreciably in recent years. Through rational adjustment of water resources
and urbanization system, the Hexi Corridor can still promote water resources sustainable utilization and accelerate the urbanization process. This study suggests that the integrated assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization
is an effective method to analyze the conflicts between water resources and urbanization system in arid area.
2009
[b1] Key Lab. of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, Chine
Effects of rainfall change on water erosion processes in terrestrial ecosystems : a review
Bibliography ; Climatic change ; Duricrust ; Ecosystem ; Land use ; Precipitation ; Soil erosion ; The 2000's ; Water erosion
In this paper, the characteristics of changes in natural rainfall, its role on terrestrial ecosystems, the challenges, and its effect on surface water erosion dynamics are elaborated and discussed. The major priorities for future research are also
highlighted, and it is hoped that this will promote a better understanding of water erosion processes and related hydrological issues.
Agriculture ; Chemical pollution ; Health ; Impact ; Pollution ; Surface water ; Underground water ; Water pollution
on the geographical distribution of arsenic contamination of groundwater and of surface water, the geochemical causes of high arsenic concentrations in aquifers, and the health implications of prolonged arsenic ingestion. Options are highlighted for developing
alternative water sources and methods for arsenic testing and removal. - (HC)
Hungary ; Mountain ; Pollution ; Stream ; Torrent ; Water ; Water quality
Repeated chemical water quality measurements were carried out on the Apátkút and Lepence Streams, Visegrád Mountains, Hungary, between 1993 and 2008. The objective was to characterize the water-courses in space and to monitor temporal changes
. The prolonged monitoring shows a slow but steady deterioration of water quality for both streams. The unfavourable tendency can only be stopped by reducing pollution near the sources and on the catchment. - (AM)
The role of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-International Hydrological Programme in sustainable water resources management in East Asian countries
Aquifer ; Arid area ; Asia ; Eastern Asia ; Flood ; Hydraulic works ; International organization ; Resource management ; Sustainable development ; Trans-border area ; UNESCO ; Water ; Water resources
In light of transboundary waters in IHP (International Hydrological Programme), RSC (Regional Steering Committee) plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI
building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International Shared Aquifer
Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands- A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education through the programme
of Sustainable Water Integrated Management-Educational Component.
Using sequential Gaussian simulation to assess the field-scale spatial uncertainty of soil water content
Austria ; Experimental catchment ; Geostatistics ; Simulation ; Soil ; Soil water ; Spatial variation ; Vienna ; Watershed
The aim of this study is to assess the uncertainty of delineating vulnerable areas to water erosion (i.e. spatial uncertainty) in an erosion experiment field in Lower Austria. For this the feasibility of using sequential Gaussian simulation
2009
[b1] Dep. Water Engineering, Fac. Agriculture, Univ., Zabol, Iran, Republique Islamique d'
[b2] Inst. Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Dep. Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Univ. Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Autriche
Estimating future residential water consumption in Phoenix, Arizona, based on simulated changes in climate
Arizona ; Climate ; Climatic change ; Household consumption ; Irrigation ; Phoenix ; Precipitation ; Simulation ; Temperature ; United States of America ; Water ; Water use
In this study, the AA. determine the empirical relationship between water consumption and variations in temperature and precipitation. They find the sensitivity of water consumption to either climate variable is positively related to the percent
presented by the IPCC, and they determined that mean water consumption should increase by an average over 3% by 2050, but the climate-induced change in consumption varies considerably across census tracts.
Dune ; Forest ; Mozambique ; Soil ; Underground water ; Water ; Water management ; Water pollution ; Water resources
The article deals with the Arenosol (sandy soil), the tropical soils, groundwater, water pollution, water supply in Mozambique, East Africa. In the region of the city Xai-Xai in southern Mozambique the population increased strongly. The consequences
Transboundary water vulnerability and its drivers in China
China ; Drought ; Ecosystem ; Flood ; International cooperation ; Trans-border area ; Vulnerability ; Water ; Water management ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Watershed
, the AA. analyzed the major drivers affecting shared water vulnerability in China, namely : 1) changes in physical conditions affecting the availability of water; 2) competing objectives between economic development and ecological conservation; 3) lack
of emergency response mechanisms; 4) unsound administrative institutions; and 5) shortcomings in the development of regional cooperation based on transboundary waters. They concluded by identifying 4 pathways for reducing vulnerability : 1) encouraging
Bibliography ; Climatic change ; Hydrology ; Model ; The 2000's ; Urbanization ; Water management ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Watershed
This paper examines the combined modelling of climate change and urban development impacts on water quantity and quality. Hydrological impacts of climate change and urban development are likely to significantly affect future water resource
management. The AA. end by discussing implications of this research for adaptation in the water resources sector.
The distribution and variation with soil depth of water repellency has been studied in fire-affected sand dunes under 3 different vegetation types (pine forest, shrubland and sparse herbaceous vegetation) in the Doñana Natural Park. The persistence
and intensity of water repellency at the exposed surface of soil was measured using the water drop penetration time test ans the contact angle method, respectively, in surface samples collected at burned and unburned areas. None or slight soil water repellency
was observed at unburned soil sites, whereas burned soil sites showed a high degree of repellency , especially under pines and shrubland. Soil water repellency was generally higher at the soil surface, and decreased with depth. The heterogeneity of moisture
patterns under dense pine forests or shrublands showed the existence of wetting and water repellent three-dimensional soil patches.
Evaluation of soil water balance comonents under different land uses in a mediterranean mountain catchment Catalan Pre-Pyrenees NE Spain)
Catalonia ; Land use ; Mediterranean area ; Model ; Mountain ; Spain ; Water balance ; Watershed
A study was carried out at Ribera Salada Catchment (NE Spain), affected by the abandonment of agriculture since 1950s, to determine the components of water budget under different land uses. Field monitoring consisted of precipitation
and evapotranspiration (ET) measurements, surface water collection with runoff boxes, continuous soil water measurement with capacitance probes, throughfall pluviometers and stem flow rings. The AA. present the results of applying a weekly water balance in 6 stations
over 2 years (2004-2005). The water balance was measured at each station. They applied the TOPLATS model a fully process-based hydrologic model, simulating all processes related to the hydrologic cycle. The results obtained indicated that the model
accurately predicted the water budget of the watersheds measured in both years.