Assessment and utilization of soil water resources
Agriculture ; China ; Groundwater ; Irrigation ; Northern China ; Water ; Water budget ; Water management ; Water resources
Based on the analyses of water interactions and water balance, this paper discusses the issues on the assessment and regulation of soil water resources, which lays the scientific basis for limited irrigation and water-saving agriculture.
Rough water, smooth water : a comprehensive classification of water-flow characteristics
Classification ; Montana ; Runoff ; Taxonomy ; United States of America ; Water
Article contains the author's original classification of water-flow characteristics. Classification is made up of 7 categories that may be combined into two broad groups. The A. provides a verbal description (no precise measurements
or instrumentation are needed) of the water in each category and a photograph from Montana to illustrate each. He ends by broefly discussing the uses of the classification scheme. - (SLD)
Czech Republic ; Elbe ; Pollution ; Stream ; Surface water ; Water quality ; Watershed
A complex evaluation of the development of water quality in the Berounka River basin during the 1990s. The main influencing factors of pollution are the surface water. The main affluents - Střela, Litavka, Třemošná, Rakovník and Kaznějov creek
On processes controlling the distribution and fluxes of boron in natural waters and air along transects across the South Island of New Zealand
Atmosphere ; Geochemistry ; Hydrochemistry ; New Zealand ; Orographic effect ; Precipitation ; Soil water ; South Island ; Water ; Water cycle
The concentration of boron (B) were measured in rain, air and soil water along transects across the Southern Alps, New Zealand, during southern autumn and early winter 1999. Estimates of wet deposition, dry deposition, and flux of boron leaving
Ireland's water budget - model validation and a greenhouse experiment
Climatic warming ; Drought ; Experimentation ; Greenhouse effect ; Impact ; Ireland ; Model ; Runoff ; Water budget ; Watershed ; Years 1970-79
In a previous paper (Mills, 2000) the A. described a simple water budget model that was applied to Ireland for the period 1961-90, but no model validation was attempted. In this paper the A. examines the relationship between the estimated surplus
water calculated for the catchment of the Shannon River with the measured discharge for that river. The close correspondence between these values suggests that the model is capable of estimating water budgets components at this scale. A simple climate
change experiment is presented that evaluates the impact of greenhouse warming on the water budget of this catchment. Discussion of the results.
Water resources optimization and eco-environmental protection in Qaidam Basin
Arid area ; China ; Ecosystem ; Environmental conservation ; Model ; North-Western China ; Optimization ; Sustainable development ; Water ; Water resources
Based on the essential principle of sustainable development, this paper puts forward a general idea on water resources optimization and eco-environmental protection in Qaidam Basin, and identifies the competitive multiple targets of water resources
optimization. According to the Multiple Targets Decision by the Closest Value Model, the best plan of water resources optimization, eco-environmental protection and sustainable development in Qaidam Basin is finally decided.
Asynchronism-synchronism of regional precipitation in South-to-North Water Transfer planned areas
China ; Hydraulic works ; Precipitation ; Project ; Statistics ; Twentieth Century ; Water management ; Water resources
In this research, the AA. try to provide the rational basis for South-to-North Water Transfer Project planning and designing by analyzing the water resources synchronism features for North China versus the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze
River and North China versus the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. Usually, the water resources of a certain region are estimated according to its natural runoff. The features of the runoff, however, have been distorted greatly due to the impact
of human activities. The synchonism features should be obtained by analyzing precipitation rather than by natural runoff series. The AA. regard precipitation as the original water resources for a certain region and use it as the basis for water resources
Environmental and ecological water requirement of river system : a case study of Haihe-Luanhe river system
China ; Ecological crisis ; Ecosystem ; Environmental conservation ; Hydrosystem ; Northern China ; Stream ; Water resources ; Water use
In order to reduce the environmental and ecological problems induced by water resources development and utilization, this paper proposes a concept of environmental and ecological water requirement. It is defined as the minimum water amount
to be consumed by the natural water bodies to conserve its environmental and ecological functions. Based on this definition, the methods on calculating the amount of environmental and ecological water requirement are determined in the case study on Haihe-Luanhe
Geography's covert operation in water resource management
Applied geography ; California ; Man-environment relations ; Practice of geography ; Resource management ; United States of America ; Water ; Water management
Paper begins with a good review of the many ways that water is essential to humans. A. then reviews a survey she conducted of geography students and recent graduates at San Francisco State who are employed in water resource management. She discusses
Water supply and climate change in the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon
Carbon dioxide ; Climatic variation ; Flood ; Model ; Moisture ; Oregon ; Runoff ; United States of America ; Water ; Water budget ; Water management ; Water supply ; Watershed
Examination of how an atmospheric doubled carbon dioxide (2xCO2) climate in the Upper Deschutes Basin would strain regional water resources, as shown via a semi-distributed moisture budget (SDMB) model. Watershed climate simulation reveals a 25
Effects of water quality on infiltration, runoff and interril erosion processes during simulated rainfall
Belgium ; Clay mineral ; Comparative study ; Infiltration ; Italy ; Rainfall simulation ; Rill wash ; Salinity ; Soil ; Soil erosion ; Toscana ; Water erosion ; Water quality
This paper discusses the effects of water quality on the hydrological and erosion response of non-saline, non-sodic soils during simulated rain experiments. Two soils, a well-aggregated clay-rich soil developed on marine silty clay deposits
and a soil developed on silt loam, were selected and subjected to a series of simulated rainstorms using demineralized water and tap water. The hydrological response (infiltration, runoff), the physical degradation (soil surface roughness change and top-soil
China's regional water scarcity and implications for grain supply and trade
Agricultural hydrology ; Agricultural use ; Cereal ; China ; Eastern China ; Economic efficiency ; Hebei ; Henan ; Irrigation ; Shandong ; Water ; Water deficit ; Water economics ; Water needs ; Water resources
Assessment of water erosion processes and dynamics in semi-arid regions of southern Africa (Kwazulu/Ntal, RSA, and Swaziland) using the erosion response units concept (ERU)
Arid area ; KwaZulu-Natal ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; South Africa ; Swaziland ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Watershed
In southern African countries soil erosion and the related problems such as water quality issues or decreasing soil productivity are the main problems affecting the inhabitants of rural and urban areas. This study deals with the identification
aimed at developing an Integrated Water Resources Management System (IWRMS) for water resources analyses and prognostic scenario planning in semi-arid catchments of Southern Africa. - (NF)
Spatial variation of early season surface water chemistry in Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland
This study examines the spatial variability of early season water chemistry in the arctic-alpine valley of Kärkevagge. The data demonstrate the spatially heterogeneous nature of water chemistry and the general patterns of chemical weathering
in the valley. Water chemistry in this valley is dominated by 2 anions, bicarbonate and sulfate. Spatial patterns of chemical constituents reflect the broad effects of local geology on surface water chemistry. In particular, they demonstrate the effects
that mineral species present in minor amounts have on basin-wide water chemistry.
Agricultural hydrology ; Burkina ; Disease ; Drinking water ; Health ; Participation ; Village ; Water ; Water management ; Water quality ; Water supply ; Water use
Agricultural use ; Algeria ; Crop ; Drought ; Impact ; Observation network ; Rainfall deficit ; Water deficit ; Water economics ; Water management ; Water needs ; Water resources ; Water use
Design of environmental decision support system and its application to water quality management
China ; Delta ; Environmental management ; Geographical information system ; Guangdong ; Hydrodynamics ; Model ; Stream ; Water pollution ; Water quality
EDSS is a comprehensive software system for water quality management in tidal river networks in general and for the Pearl River Delta in particular. By combining the capabilities of geographical information system (GIS), database management system
, the system architecture, design features, implementation techniques and facilities provided. Thereafter, the core part of the system, the hydrodynamic and water quality models are descrbed briefly.