Extreme summer and winter temperatures in the Czech Lands after A.D. 1500 and their Central European context
Air temperature ; Climate ; Climatic trend ; Climatic variability ; Czech Republic ; Summer ; Temperature ; Time series ; Winter
Extremely cold/mild winters (DJF) and extremely cold/warm summers (JJA) in the Czech Lands were derived from series of temperature indices based on documentary evidence (1500–1854) and from series of air temperatures measured at the Prague
-Klementinum station (1771–2007) over the past 500 years. Altogether 24 cold winters, 23 mild winters, 18 cold summers and 21 warm summers emerged. Czech extremes were compared with the Central European temperature series and series of documentary-based
The paper describes changes in winter gale day frequency that took place in the Shetland and Faeroe Isles between ca. AD 1866-1905. The majority of the time interval between 1866 -1895 was characterized by high-amplitude fluctuations in the sign
extent across the Greenland Sea affecting the extent of the polar anticyclone and hence the position of the North Atlantic storm track. By contrast, the later part of this time interval (AD 1894-1905) was characterized by very few winter gales
Changes in suspended sediment to solute yield ratios from an alpine basin during the transition to winter, Southern Alps, New Zealand
The AA. monitored suspended sediments and solute flux during the transition from late summer to winter in an catchment in the Southern Alps that contained a high elevation upper catchment and a smaller, low elevation subcatchment. Three phases
of sediment transport were identified. Overall, the results from this study suggest that suspended sediment to solute yield ratios are : 1) sensitive to seasonal changes in meteorological conditions, and 2) more significant during the transition to winter than
settlements, especially the winter settlements. The geology and geomorphology of the coastal environments are presented and the dominant coastal and arctic processes with its seasonal variability are summarized. Thereafter, the suitability of various coastal
environments towards the settlement requirements is discussed and preferred locations for settlements are shown. The Thule culture abandoned Northeast Greenland about 1850 AD, and apart from settlements on basalt capes, most of the winter settlement sites
is strongly correlated with cumulative rainfall over each monitoring period. Annual precipitation has a substantial dynamic range, but both annual and winter (December, January, February) rainfall amounts in southern Italy show a steady decrease over
the period 1970–2000. The persistence of positive values of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index in the period 1980–2000 is correlated with a reduction in the winter rainfall amounts. Future climate scenarios show a reduction in annual rainfall across
Interannual changes in seasonal ground freezing and near-surface heat flow beneath zones of bottom-fast ice (BFI) were examined over the winters of 2005–06 and 2006–07 within the near-shore zone of the Mackenzie Delta. Winter variability in ground
thermal conditions was determined at 3 monitoring sites. When comparing conditions over the two winters, 2005–06 was characterised by a decrease in ice thickness that limited the extent of BFI and seasonal cooling of the ground. These changes in ice
. MinAR varies on annual to centennial scales and mainly reflects channel bank erosion by the inflow streams. The mineral input reflects the intensity of the spring run-off, which is dependent on the amount of snow accumulated during the winter, and hence
MinAR is a long-term record of variability in past winter climate; other factors will be a variable response to catchment uplift, vegetation succession and pedogenesis.
of previous excavations of Thule culture seasonal features, winter houses and middens are presented, with an emphasis on the 2 winter sites of Fladstrand and Dødemandsbugten. The faunal assemblages showed ringed seal (Phoca hispida) to be the key game species
Focusing on the late prehistoric to historic transition, excavation of 2 Thule-Inughuit winter houses and adjacent middens was carried out at Iita, Foulke Fjord, western Inglefield Land, in 2006. Although constructed during the mid-1800s to early
1900s, the structures were dug into early through late Thule and Paleoeskimo deposits. At Cape Grinnell, in central Inglefield Land, 3 Thule sod-block houses, a Thule fall-winter qarmat, a Thule cache, a Late Dorset axial-feature, and an early
of the winter months, and the most limited variability of the summer months. The temporal variability is found to be many times greater than spatial. The present study advocates a 4-degree scale when it comes to the degree to which pressure changes
were collected along a single transect over a transverse dune, of which 15 were from the stoss side, 12 from the crest and 24 from the lee side. Samples were collected during a calm period in the afternoon of a winter's day. Results and discussion
for phosphorus and sediment loss from moderately sloping fields. Detailed monitoring over the October–March period in winters 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 included event-based sampling of surface runoff, suspended and particulate sediment, and dissolved
that accumulated in the winter of 2004. The consecutive positive anomalies of snow depth and rainfall, which occurred widely in the central and southern Lena River basin during the folowing three years, increased soil moisture and appear to have altered the active