The relationship of large volcaniceruption in the world and the summer drought/flood in China
China ; Drought ; Flood ; Precipitation ; Sichuan ; Statistics ; Summer ; Temperature ; Volcaniceruption ; Weather type
Chine ; Crue ; Eruption volcanique ; Eté ; Précipitation ; Sichuan ; Statistique ; Sécheresse ; Température ; Type de temps
Based on data in the last 500 years for strong volcanic activity and the summer drought/flood types available in China, the statistical relations of the volcaniceruptions in seasons and several regions and the drought/flood types and grade index
of main regions in China have been investigated. The possible teleconnection between flood in the Yangtze River and the Haihe River valleys in 1991 and the volcaniceruption of Mt Pinatubo in June of 1991 has been also examined.
In this paper, evidence for several episodes of debris dam formation associated with eruptions of the Spurr volcanic complex are described. Dam failure conditions and peak discharge are estimated with a dam-break model and regression equations
In this paper, the AA. summarize recent information relating to the Toba eruption and use these data to estimate the resulting major pertubation of the global atmosphere. Comparison of these data with proxy climate data, and recent climate model
results, allows an assessment of the likelihood that the eruption was a contributing factor to the major transition from warm to cold climates in the last glacial cycle and suggests a possible general feedback coupling between eruptions and climatic change.
in pronounced climate pertubations : anomalously cold weather the following year, and widesread crop failures. These events provide important insights into the volcanic forcing of climate, and the global risk of future eruptions on this scale.
The 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano (Sumbawa island, Indonesia) expelled around 140 gt of magma, making it the largest known historic eruption. 71 000 people died. The eruption injected 60 mt of sulfur into the stratosphere, which resulted
The AA. present the geological and volcanic setting of the Misti volcano which encompasses 2 edifices : the old Misti stratovolcano and the young Misti stratocone. They analyze the stratigraphy and the chronology of its eruptive activity
, in particular over the past 100,000 years : 7 compound groups of deposits record the late Pleistocene eruptive of the modern Misti stratocone. Then, they aim to assess the volcanic hazards of future eruptions at Misti, based on mapping, recent eruptive deposits
, and models used on similar stratovolcanoes : 700,000 people in the Arequipa-Chiguata region are threatened by at least 4 types of volcanic hazards.
Dendroindications of recent volcaniceruptions in Kamchatka, Russia
Dendrochronology ; Dendrology ; Kamtchatka ; Russia ; Volcanism
Precisely dated tree-ring sequences of larch (Larix cajanderi Mayr) extending from 1801-1980 AD from Kamchatka lying in the far east of Asian continent were studied to see the influence of volcaniceruptions on tree growth and to assess
the potential of tree rings for dating ancient volcanic events.
This study shows that ice cores contain valuable information of past eruptions, even if the identify of the source volcano or eruption cannot be specified. Such studies may provide important information regarding the link between major volcanic
This paper reviews the eruption sequence and reexamines some of the more problematic and challenging volcanological aspects of the Krakatau event. Various hypotheses about the cause of the tsunamis and explosions are reviewed and it is concluded
Ecology ; Fauna ; Indonesia ; Island ; Population dynamics ; Vegetation ; Volcaniceruption ; Volcanism
Dynamique des populations ; Ecologie ; Eruption volcanique ; Faune ; Ile ; Indonésie ; Volcanisme ; Végétation
This paper re-examines previous suggestions concerning the colonization of the Krakatau islands since the extirpating 1883 eruption that involve the more recently emergent volcanic island Anak Krakatau, which itself suffered a devastating eruption
Sediment discharge by storm runoff at volcanic torrents affected by eruption
Volcanic geomorphology
Alluvial cone ; Catastrophe ; Erosion rate ; Forecast ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Mudflow ; Natural hazards ; Rill wash ; Sediment transport ; Volcaniceruption ; Volcanism
Catastrophe ; Coulée boueuse ; Cône de déjection ; Eruption volcanique ; Indonésie ; Japon ; Prévision ; Risque naturel ; Ruissellement ; Transport sédimentaire ; Vitesse d'érosion ; Volcanisme
Sediment discharge including debris flows generated by storm runoff during, or just after volcaniceruptions can bring about severe disasters downslope on the flanking alluvial fans. In many cases, the main cause of such disasters is a major change
in the hydrologic response of the slope from the eruption. Observation of sediment discharge at 3 volcanic torrents at Mount Unzen and Mount Yakedake in Japan, and Mount Merapi in Indonesia, provided insight to such processes at volcanoes with recent eruption
Monitoring of geomorphic effects of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA
Debris flow ; Geomorphogenesis ; Mass movement ; Natural hazards ; Sediment budget ; United States of America ; Volcaniceruption ; Volcanism ; Washington State
Bilan sédimentaire ; Coulée boueuse ; Eruption volcanique ; Etats-Unis ; Géomorphogenèse ; Mouvement de masse ; Risque naturel ; Volcanisme ; Washington State
This paper examines the use of geomorphology in the creation of volcanic hazards maps prior to this eruption, the mitigation strategies used, and the subsequent role of geomorphology in subsequent recovery efforts. A sediment budget is presented
that summarizes the yield estimated from many geomorphic sources, based on post-eruption aerial monitoring and ground measurements.
concerning the relationship between winter-fallen tephra and buried snow preservation is suggested. Furthermore, the relation of volcaniceruptions and potential preservation of buried snow in permafrost conditions on a global scale is discussed.
The aim of this paper is an analysis of tephra accumulation on a pre-eruption winter snow cover and its influence on permafrost aggradation. Based on multi-annual field observations at the Hekla volcano, southern Iceland, a conceptual model
in volcanically disturbed rivers reflects higher transport capacities than in their nondisturbed counterparts, and that arid zone channels provide a better analog for predicting post-eruption bedload transport due to their high transport efficiency.
The AA. report observations of the magnitude, processes, and effects of fluvial sediment transport and deposition on the Pasig-Potrero River alluvial fan 6 years after the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Pinatubo. This analysis shows bedload transport
Detailed heavy-minerals analysis allowed to discover the influence of two volcanic Eifel eruptions. Green acicular augite grains are typical for the early Rissian Caberg-Pietersem and end Rissian Eisden-Lanklaar Meuse terraces. - (L'A.).
Spatial and temporal distribution of large volcaniceruptions from 1750 to 2010
Climatic change ; Interdecadal variation ; Jawa ; Pacific Region ; Seasonal variation ; Spatial distribution ; Sumatera ; Tropical zone ; Volcaniceruption ; Volcanism ; World
Années 1750-2010 ; Changement climatique ; Distribution spatiale ; Eruption volcanique ; Jawa ; Monde ; Pacifique ; Sumatera ; Variation interdécennale ; Variation saisonnière ; Volcanisme ; Zone intertropicale
Using the dataset provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the AA. have extracted the large volcaniceruptions (volcanic explosivity index ≥ 4) from the period 1750–2010 and have then analyzed the main characteristics
of large volcaniceruptions since 1750 according to their geographic latitudes, their elevations, and the years and months in which they occurred. The results show that most large volcaniceruptions were located around the margins of the Pacific Ocean
and the islands of Sumatra and Java, especially in the equatorial regions (10°N-10°S). Large volcaniceruptions were concentrated at 1000–2000 m elevations and in the months of January and April. Large volcaniceruptions have interdecadal fluctuations, including