Inter-annual rainfall variability of arid Australia : greater than elsewhere ?
Arid area ; Australia ; Comparative study ; Desert ; Interannual variability ; Northern Territory ; Precipitation ; South Australia ; World
The view that Australia's arid zone experiences more variable rainfall over time than areas of similar climates elsewhere was tested using annual rainfall data from 407 localities spread throughout 14 arid areas, including 68 Australian sites
. This represnts an updated and more comprehensive analysis than previously completed. Four measures of inter-annual rainfall variability were calculated : the variability index (spread of the 90th and 10th percentiles divided by the median rainfall
) and the coefficient of variability (standard deviation as a percentage of the mean) and in addition two simpler measures not divided by the average annual rainfall : the difference between the 90th and 10th percentiles, and the standard deviation of the mean. Linear
relationships between rainfall variability and average annual rainfall enabled analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to be employed. The findings suggest that comparative studies of biotic responses to rainfall variability between arid Australia (particular southern
Spatial variability of rainfall on a sub-kilometre scale
The main aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability in rainfall depth and maximum intensity, as well as variability of derived parameters within a small test site with 13 measuring stations, in southern Germany. Results
Small-scale variability in surface moisture on a fine-grained beach : implications for modeling aeolian transport
Small-scale variations in surface moisture content were measured on a fine-grained beach using a Delta-T Theta probe. The resulting data set was used to examine the implications of small-scale variability for estimating aeolian transport potential
. Field experiments were conducted at Padre Island National Seashore, Texas. Both very wet and very dry grid data sets exhibited little internal variability in moisture content, while intermediate moisture contents were associated with higher levels
of variability. Cumulative distribution functions were calculated to model the relative proportions of beach surface area expected to be above or below specified threshold moisture levels to allow aeolian transport. Results and discussion about the aeolian
Active layer ; Canada ; Climate ; Climatic index ; Climatic variability ; Cold area ; Interannual variability ; Northwest Territories ; Organic materials ; Periglacial features ; Permafrost ; Soil moisture ; Summer ; Thawing ; Valley
in regards to Circumpolar Active-Layer Monitoring (CALM) site data : 1) how do active layers in various settings respond to thermal forcing; and 2) how does seasonal climate variability affect active-layer thicknesses ?
Can development axes be identified by socio-economic variables ? : the case of Czechia
on such a detailed regional level lows for the testing of several hypotheses, for which traditional regional analyses based on NUTS II - NUTS III data were insufficient. To address these hypotheses, we analyze a set of socioeconomic variables with the help
Inter-annual variability of the normalized difference vegetation index over northeast Brazil and its relation to rainfall and El Niño southern oscillation
Brazil ; Climate oscillation ; El Niño ; Interannual variability ; Ocean atmosphere interaction ; Precipitation ; Time series ; Vegetation ; Vegetation index
Prediction of soil depth using environmental variables in an anthropogenic landscape, a case study in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India
the environmental covariates elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, wetness index, land use and distance from streams, proved to be the best predictor of soil depth. This model explains 52% of the variability of soil depth in the catchment; with a prediction variance
of 0.05 to 0.19. A Gaussian simulation was attempted for a more realistic visualization of the depth, as opposed to the smooth kriging prediction. The most important explanatory variable of soil depth in this landscape is land use, as expected from