Berlin ; Demographic change ; Germany ; Large city;Metropolis ; Political reform ; Reunification ; Urban construction ; Urban development ; Urban network ; Urban planning ; Urban population ; Urban system
the problems of the creation of the German urban system at 1990/1991 right after unification, in the fields of planning and policy, finance, population and economy. The last part gives some sceptical spotlights on future developments in the aforementioned
A theory of urban decline : economy, demography and political elites
Business cycle ; Deindustrialization ; Economic base ; Industrial decline ; Industrialized countries ; Product cycle ; Theory ; Urban administration ; Urban economy ; Urban theory
If some large cities in advanced industrialised countries are countinuing to grow, many have experienced decline. To account for the process of decline and its consequences, a general model of urban decline is proposed. It specifies the relationship
between employment, population, political elites and urban fiscal revenues. Constructs and propositions are drawn from economic and ecological theorems. Empirical evidence is based on literature predominantly from Germany and the U.S.
Changing urban systems in post-communist societies in Central Europe : analysis and prediction
Capital city ; Central Europe ; Deindustrialization ; Economic behaviour ; Europe ; Technological innovation ; Urban area ; Urban growth ; Urban hierarchy ; Urban structure ; Urban system
The paper is concerned with three levels of urban system changes : changes in the intra-urban structure of cities after the collapse of the communist regimes, changes in the national or state urban systems, and changes in the international system
Some northern Italian regions have been characterised by polycentric settlement, which constitutes the spatial texture of functional, economic and social relationships among the urban places, according to a new order of spatial organisation
Architecture ; City;Town ; Cultural geography ; Europe ; Post-modernism ; Social life ; Southern Europe ; Urban construction ; Urban development ; Urban life ; Urban planning