Attractiveness ; Competitiveness ; France ; Governance ; Ile-de-France ; Large city ; Paris ; Project ; Quality of life ; Town planning ; Urbanfunction ; World city
Capital city ; Centrality ; Diversification ; Domination ; European part of Russia ; Moscow ; Polycentrism ; Urban economy ; Urbanfunction ; Urban region
Centrality ; Classification ; Domination ; Economic sector ; Firm ; Head office ; Industrial branch ; Power of decision making ; Town ; United States of America ; Urban economy ; Urbanfunction ; World city
Classification ; Demographic change ; Depopulation ; Economic crisis ; Economic growth ; European part of Russia ; Nineteenth Century ; Settlement ; Town ; Twentieth Century ; Urbanfunction ; Urban network ; Volga region
A unit stream power based sediment transport function for overland flow
The suitability of 5 sediment transport capacity functions was evaluated for overland flow conditions using graphical and statistical analysis. The results show that the application of these functions is limited to the range of hydraulic
and sediment conditions for which each was formulated. To improve predictions of transport capacity under overland flow conditions, especially at low flow intensities, a new function, based on the unit stream power concept, was derived using experimental data.
Landslide area probability density function statistics to assess historical landslide magnitude and frequency in coastal California
Landslide area probability density function (PDF) statistics elucidate the landslide magnitude–frequency distribution in a small coastal watershed in central California. Detailed mapping into a GIS and compilation of 2 slide inventories in Walker
by Franciscan Complex units with slopes ranging from ~10 to 40%. The magnitude–frequency distribution of slides represented by the PDF produces a curve that has a linear portion representing the relatively large slides. The power functions of the linear portion
Effects of topsoil removal as a nature management technique on soil functions
that the C storage and the buffer function of the soils have drastically decreased. The N and P storages in the soils where topsoil was removed have also greatly reduced. In the topsoil removed soils no re-colonization of earthworms had occurred and microbial
activity has significantly reduced. These changes in soil properties negatively influenced several soil functions which are relevant in nature and environmental protection, e.g. C-storage, filtering and buffering. The AA. therefore conclude that removal
the inclusion among these parameters of that part of the raindrops' kinetic energy that is expended to splash the soil downslope and introduces a theoretical mathematical equation for a dimensionless function of the kinetic energy distribution fd. This study
supports the division of raindrops into their upper and lower parts. The results demonstrated the benefit of using the dimensionless function of the kinetic energy distribution fd in empirical models of interrill erosion caused by raindrops.
The A. presents the function of second homes in the Municipalities of Cerklje na Gorenjskem and Komen. It outlines the main pull factors that caused the phenomenon of second homes, their spatial distribution and the regional origin of their owners
. The A. also outlines the owners' influence on the infrastructure improvements, the modifications of residential function and the owners’ relationships toward the locals and the environment. - (IKR)
Changes in ecosystem structure, function and hydrological connectivity control water, soil and carbon losses in semi-arid grass to woody vegetation transitions
significantly longer mean flowpath lengths than the grass-dominated sites. Mean flowpath lengths illustrate a significant positive relationship with the functional response. The woody-dominated sites lost more water, soil and carbon than their grassland
counterparts. Woody sites erode more and lost more organic carbon than grasslands. Finally, hydrological connectivity (expressed as mean flowpath length) is discussed as a meaningful measure of the interaction between structure and function and how
, woodsteppe and Oromediterranean shrubland), and for 3 grazing treatments (grazed, 1-year and 7-year exclosures). Grazing removal led to site-specific, functionally different pathways of rangeland recovery. It is concluded that correlations between biotic
and abiotic recovery processes have to be interpreted carefully, as they may not necessarily be functionally connected. Moreover, the performance of perennial plants is, if interpreted together with abiotic parameters, a useful indicator for distinguishing
functionally different pathways of pasture degradation and restoration in drylands.
Application of data-driven evidential belief functions to landslide susceptibility mapping in Jinbu, Korea
locations and these factors were identified and quantified using the evidential belief function (EBF) model. Three relationships were calculated: disbelief (Dis), uncertainty (Unc), and belief (Bel). The most representative of the resulting susceptibility
transparent and opened for public debate. The analysis is structured around the themes of internationalization, competitiveness, risk prevention and the functioning of society, all of which are regarded as the key rationales of neoliberalized border governance.