Urbanization in the past fifty years| migration during the last two decades| effects of this migrations within urban centres. The last article is a case study on the city of Kâsân. (ABSTR. IR.).
Vliv urbanizace a industrializace na vodni rezim ostravské prumyslové oblasti. (Effects of urbanization and industrialization on the water regime of the Ostrava-industrial region)
Changes resulting from urbanization, industrialization and other human activities and their impact on runoff, water quality, temperature regime, ice phenomena, etc. in the Ostrava industrial region. (MS).
Urban growth under conditions of unbalanced urban development
, population and housing. Effects of a policy of controlling urban growth at a time of labor and housing shortages.
This paper points to symptoms of unbalanced growth of the urban region of Warsaw in the period of accelerated growth prior to 1975 and the subsequent economic collapse around 1980, illustrated with selected problems of the growth rate of employment
The convolution of urban planning with tradition in Lesotho, 1928-91
Ideology ; Land ; Land use ; Legislation ; Lesotho ; Spatial allocation ; Urban area ; Urban landscape ; Urban planning ; Urban structure ; Urbanism
During the period under review, legislation was the predominant planning instrument. Spatial urban planning appears to have been effective during the colonial period because of the existence of a clear colonial ideology, a small and economically
empowered urban population to plan for, and relatively skilled workers. During the period of political independence, urban planning was marked by contradictions within the value system of the elite, by efforts to implement legislation and by lack
Block, neighbourhood or district ? the importance of geographical scale for area effects on educational attainment
District ; Education ; Neighbourhood ; Norway ; Oslo ; Primary education ; School system ; Secondary education ; Urban area ; Young people
This study examines adolescent development, with educational attainment as the dependent variable. It further addresses contextual effects that emerge at different intra-urban geographical scales by exploring spatial effects at block, neighbourhood
and district level in Oslo, Norway. The results reveal significant effects on the youth's future educational attainment at all geographical levels and for all tested measures of social and demographic area composition. They also show that the highest
geographical level (district) has the strongest effect. This surprising result is tentatively interpreted to emerge from a combination of three interwoven mechanisms: the youths' extended activity spaces and social interactions, the institutional aspects
The effect of land use/cover change on surface runoff in Shenzhen region, China
Influences of rapid urbanization and industrialization on soil resource and its quality in China
China ; Flood ; Guangdong ; LANDSAT ; Land use ; Model ; Pic discharge ; Remote sensing ; Rill wash ; Thematic Mapper ; Urbanization
In this study, Buji River basin in Shenzhen Region was selected to analyse the effect of land use and cover change on surface runoff. Teledetection data are used. The impact of urbanization is discussed.
Cooling rates, sky view factors and the development of intra-urban air temperature differences
Air temperature ; Architecture ; Radiation ; Sweden ; Temperature ; Urban climate ; Urbaneffect
The aim of this study is to analyse the development of nocturnal intra-urban cooling rates and air temperature differences. The sites have different building geometry (SVF) and are situated within a radius of 300 m to avoid distance effects
Examining the effects of urbanization on streams using indicators of geomorphic stability
Bank erosion ; Channel geometry ; Ecosystem ; Environmental conservation ; Environmental management ; Habitat ; Impact ; Indiana ; Stream ; United States of America ; Urbanization
Previous geomorphic studies of urbanization primarily consist of case studies documenting changes in hydrologic response and channel morphology, but offer limited predictive capabilities. However, channel-stability assessment methods have been
developed to distinguish between stable and degrading or aggrading sites. Such measures allow possible prediction of urbanization impacts and offer possibilities of better preservation tools.
Effects of rising energy prices on urban space in Energy problems and regional development.
In this paper we review and analyze several well-known urban models that are presently being used to evaluate the impact of a decreasing energy supply on the spatial structure of our metropolitan areas. Certain models wich demonstrate that rising
energy prices reinforce a tendency for decentralization are shown to be extremely sensitive to modifications of certain desirable assumptions and, consequently, they may have restrictive applicability in urban policy formation. Acknowledging
this possibility, we use a production function approach to derive, independently of the previously discussed models, results that indicate a rise in energy prices will generate centralizing urban adjustments.
The economic restructuring of cities and the stability of socially mixed neighbourhoods are closely related to gentrification. The debate reveals current shifts in theoretical approaches to urban geography. The complexity, the contextuality
, the characteristics and the effects of gentrification are elucidated.
An examination of rural-urban relations is critical of the lack of co-ordination, and suggests that self-help programmes in the towns and back-to-the-land schemes can have limited effects. - (EMS)
Urban growth and its impact on Nigeria's agricultural manpower
The effect of urban pull on a declining agricultural man-power is studied in detail in three villages in Western Nigeria. If the trend is to be altered rural industries and socio-economic infrastructures must be improved. (EMS).
Building institutional capacity through collaborative approaches to urban planning
Local administration ; Local economy ; Partnership ; Project ; Urban administration ; Urban planning ; Urban policy
The A. examines the potential of collaborative approaches in place-making initiatives in achieving more effective and durable transformations. They emphasise the importance of building new policy discourses about the qualities of places.
with rural-urbaneffect in the present day contest. The third section deals with the delineation of Umland in India and provides an insight into the concept of Umland and city-umland relations. - (PLK)
This includes studies that have concentrated on some of the most significant problems that could distort an ideal rural-urban balance. The first section deals with the clarification of the term the evolution of urban fringe. The second concerns
Migrational effects of expanding urban residential systems in Dutch geography in the 1980s. A selection of contribucions to the I.G.U. 1984.
A comparison is made between the outward growth over the period 1960-1980 of two urban systems in the Netherlands, viz. the North and South wings of the Randstad. The growth is described by an analysis of the effects of residential migration
. The effects are differentiated according to quantitative and qualitative characteristics. These latter include life-cycle and socio-economic dimensions. Besides these, generation-allocation flow matrices are studied. In this manner spatial housing subsystems
are identified. The results of the spatial analysis are compared with wave-models of urban growth. These latter are criticized for their lack of spatial differentiation according to migrant-groups. Finally some implications for spatial policies are indicated.
Urban-suburban-rural air temperature differences related to street geometry
Climatic cooling ; Heat island ; Seasonal variation ; Sweden ; Temperature ; Urban climate ; Urbaneffect ; Urban morphology
Urban, suburban, and rural air temperature data for clear and calm nights were analyzed to detect typical thermal variations found within a single city. Measurements taken over a three-year period formed the basis of the analysis. The measurement
to some extent, but this effect should not be exaggerated. The effect of differences in thermal properties is dicussed.
Urban poverty traps : neighbourhoods and violent victimisation and offending in Nairobi, Kenya
Family ; Household ; Kenya ; Nairobi ; Neighbourhood ; Neighbourhood effect ; Poverty ; Slum ; Social geography ; Urban area ; Violence
support for the negative effects associated with poverty traps in urban Africa. It concludes that neighbourhood characteristics matter for public safety in Nairobi, but frameworks for examining neighbourhood effects must consider the context of chronically
This project examines violent victimisation and offending in poor urban neighbourhoods in Nairobi, Kenya. Results demonstrate that there is a positive relationship between residential stability and violent victimization by strangers and it shows
China ; Garden ; Guangdong ; Hedonistic model ; Housing cost ; Landscape ; Local amenities ; Price fixing ; Shenzhen ; Urban geography ; Urban landscape ; Urban park
The paper presents a hedonic analysis of the amenity and disamenity effects arising from the heterogeneous urban landscape in a Chinese city. The study focuses on the central built-up area of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. A three-dimensional
model is applied to estimate the effects of these urban landscape features. Residential gardens were the most attractive landscape and urban villages had disamenity effects. The visibility of landscape was more valued than the accessibility.