A note on the average density function in urban analysis
Distance from city centre ; Population density ; Spatial structure ; Urban area
It is argued that the density function, commonly used in the study of urban spatial structure, is more appropriately described as the ‘marginal density function’. From such a marginal density function, it is possible to derive two types of average
of the urban context. The two types of average density function are examined for different underlying forms of the marginal density function. Of the two types, the second has a greater applicability than the first in the analysis of urban spatial structure.
density function, each being concerned with a particular aspect of the spatial structure of population. The first type is consistent with the standard approach to the ‘average’in economic analysis, while the second more completely takes account
[b2] School of Social and Political Sciences: Urban Studies, Univ., Glasgow, Royaume-Uni
Building density and interior building temperatures : a physical modeling experiment
Air temperature ; Applied climatology ; Model ; Radiation ; Temperature ; Urbandensity ; Urban settlement
The effect of building density on the interior temperatures of buildings is explored using scaled physical models. The urban canopy layer is modeled as a single-cube structure surrounded by a wall that represents neighboring structures. The results
show that nighttime cooling is primarily a function of building density, but that daytime heating depends on the interaction of density with changing model-sun relationships.
Measurement of density gradients and space-filling in urban systems
Bristol ; Built up area ; Density gradient ; Distance from city centre ; England ; Geographical information system ; United Kingdom ; Urbandensity ; Urban development ; Urban morphology ; Urban structure ; Urban system
Clearer conception and better measurement of density and the related concept of space-filling are seen as central to applied analysis in régional science. The AA. probe the uncertain and ambiguous conception of urbandensity and space-filling
, and illustrate how new data sources permit sensitivity analysis of measurements of these properties. Arguments are illustrated with an extensive analysis of some characteristics of a large UK city (Bristol), including a sensitivity analysis of density profiles
Cubic spline population density functions and satellite city delimitation : the case of Barcelona
Barcelona ; Catalonia ; Density gradient ; Methodology ; Population density ; Second order urban centre ; Spain ; Urbandensity ; Urban model ; Urban population
Population density pattern and change in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Density gradient ; Housing ; Land use ; Population growth ; Riyadh ; Saudi Arabia ; Urban area ; Urbandensity ; Urban development ; Urban population ; Urban structure
Historical path-dependence of the urban population density gradient
Density gradient ; Distance from city centre ; Population density ; Statistics ; Urban area ; Urbandensity ; Urban development ; Urban model ; Urban population ; Urban theory
Agglomeration ; Human capital ; Industrial structure ; Knowledge transfer ; Model ; Productivity ; Town ; United States of America ; Urbandensity
The AA. estimate a model of urban productivity in which the agglomeration effect of density is enhanced by a metropolitan area's stock of human capital. Using new information on output per worker for U.S. metropolitan areas along with a measure
of density that accounts for the spatial distribution of population, the AA. find that a doubling of density increases productivity by 2-4 percent. The elasticity of average labour productivity with respect with density increases with human capital
In contrast to the former classification techniques the method described here calculates the actual value of the building density in the area of interest. Due to this fact a new objective method for calculating the building density by the means
Wasted density ? The impact of Toronto's residential-density-distribution policies on public-transit use and walking
Canada ; Land use ; Mode choice ; Ontario ; Socio-economic system ; Spatial distribution ; Toronto ; Town ; Trip ; Urbandensity ; Urban settlement ; Urban transport
Density gradients in Canadian metropolitan regions, 1971-96 : differential patterns of central area and suburban growth and change
Canada ; Demographic change ; Density gradient ; Distance from city centre ; Suburbanization ; Town ; Urban growth ; Urban population
Over the period, the majority of Canadian cities have undergone transition towards an increasingly decentralised urban form. The trends are quite diverse, pointing to fundamental differences in the respective importance of growth in central
and outer parts of the metropolitan area. The predominant trend has been towards suburban-style, low-density expansion, albeit with considerable intercity variation regarding changes in central area and suburban density.
The use of remote sensing and landscape metrics to describe structures and changes in urban land uses
California ; Image analysis ; Land use ; United States of America ; Urban area ; Urbandensity ; Urban environment ; Urban landscape
digitally classified of aerial photographs of the urban region Santa Barbara, California. The results show a useful separation and characterization of three urban land-use types : commercial development, high-density residential, and low-density residential
The study introduces a methodology using information on image spatial form to describe urban land-use structures and land-cover changes that result from urban growth. The analysis is based on spatial analysis of land-cover structures mapped from
. Several important structural land-cover features are identified. For two test areas in the region, changes in the urban spatial land-use structure can be described and quantified with landscape metrics.
Population growth, distribution and density changes, and urbanization in Zimbabwe : a preliminary assessment following the 1982 Census
Zimbabwe's population geography dynamics are examined, typifying sub-Saharan trends in certain respects, but locally modified by the colonial heritage of commercial farmland and a semi-developed system of urban places.
Patterning in urban population densities : a spatiotemporal model compared with Toronto 1971-2001
Canada ; Density gradient ; Distance from city centre ; Geographical information system ; Model ; Ontario ; Space time ; Spatial autocorrelation ; Toronto ; Urbandensity ; Urban population