Variations in the morphology of a high-level footpath are characterized using a new approach that relates footpath morphology to 6 terrain units defined jointly by 2 contrasting plant communities. All 6 terrain units are characterized by distinct
footpath morphologies. The most critical factor affecting footpath morphology is the shear strength of the vegetation mat and underlying root zone. Pathway depths are limited by increasing shear and compressive strength with depth. Implications
Morphology of riffle-pool sequence in the River Severn, England
Channel geometry ; England ; Fluvial hydrology ; Gravel ; Longitudinal section ; Methodology ; River bed ; Shropshire ; Statistics ; Stream ; Turbulence ; United Kingdom
Despite the occurence of riffle-pool sequences in many rivers there are few data concerning riffle-pool unitmorphology. In this paper, field data from the River Severn in England are analysed using 3 robust objective methods : the zero-crossing
, the spectral analysis and the control-point methods. Summary morphological indices are reported and compared where appropriate with theory.
The relation between surface rock-fragment cover and semiarid hillslope profile morphology
Arizona ; Model ; Rill wash ; Semi-arid area ; Slope ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; Statistics ; United States of America
Rock-fragment cover on hillslope surfaces profoundly influences the operation of hydrologic and geomorphic processes on those surfaces. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the spatial variability of rock-fragment cover on morphological
units of hillslopes in southeastern Arizona. Simple statistical models, based upon hillslope gradient as well as a soil-slope factor were developed and validated for the estimation of percent rock-fragment covers on these units.
Classification of fundamental morphological types of landforms in China
Etude de la classification des unités géomorphologiques fondamentales (plaine, plateau, colline, montagne...). Deux types de classification sont proposés, analysés et critiqués.
Bedrock geology and morphology of the Tarfala area, Kebnekaise Mts., Swedish Caledonides
In the Tarfala area, there are significant morphological differences between the different Seve Nappes, particularly between the dolerite dyke complexes and the underlying units consisting of amphibolites, gneisses and schists. The dolerites
are often well preserved and the metasedimentary rocks are usually hard hornfelses. Other morphological breaks are caused by resistant mylonites along nappe boundaries, one prominent example occuring beneath Storglaciären.
The morphologic structure of step-pools in mountain streams
California ; Channel geometry ; Discharge ; Fluvial dynamics ; Grain size distribution ; Longitudinal section ; Model ; Mountain ; River bed ; Stream ; United States of America
The purpose of this paper is to report a field-based investigation on the geometric structure of step-pools in the Santa Monica Mountain streams. The step-pool morphology is evaluated empirically in light of variations in a downstream direction
. To that end, a conceptual model of process-form linkages is proposed, whereby the step-pool morphology is produced by positive relationships between wavelength and discharge, and between height and particle size.
Concept ; Inter-disciplinary approach ; Social structure ; Urban area ; Urban morphology ; Urban settlement ; Urban structure
The purpose of this interdisciplinary article is to present a structural unit of urban space termed the morphomark, as a concept adopted from urban morphology. The article compiles concepts of space, as these reflect morphological processes
of the interdisciplinary study of spatial (natural and social) structure. The article reproduces morphology as a subject area of the disciplines for which the study of forms are common. Urban morphology as an art of urban forms is also discussed. – (BJ)
Evolution of channel morphology and hydrologic response in an urbanizing drainage basin
Baltimore ; Channel geometry ; Flood ; Hurricane ; Hydrological regime ; Hydrology ; Maryland ; Stream ; United States of America ; Urbanization ; Watershed
Here the AA. examine changes in channel morphology and trends in hydrologic response in Dead Run, a stream located in the Baltimore metropolitan area whose catchment experienced substantial land use change associated with urban development
in the mid- to late 20th century. To gain further insight into the potential effects of the channel's flood hydraulics on its morphology, the AA. use a two-dimensional depth-averaged hydraulic model to compute the spatial distributions of boundary shear
stress and unit stream power associated with the flooding following Hurricane Agnes (June 1972).
Changes in channel morphology associated with placer mining
Carrying capacity ; Channel geometry ; Colorado ; Fluvial processes ; Land use ; Longitudinal section ; Meander ; Mining activity ; River bed ; Sedimentology ; United States of America
This study attempts to determine whether there is a relation between mining and channel morphologic and sedimentologic parameters (channel shape, bed material characteristics, channel migration, and sinuosity) in the upper basin of the South Platte
Hydrodynamics of salt marsh creek systems : implications for marsh morphological development and material exchange
Coastal environment ; Earth surface processes ; Geomorphogenesis ; Hydrodynamics ; Norfolk ; Salt marsh ; Sediment transport ; Sedimentary ; Tide ; United Kingdom
In this study, the processes of marsh morphological development are analysed. In north Norfolk, highly unsteady creek flows exhibit well-developed velocity and stress transients which result from the nature of tidal priom and the interaction
Morphology and weathering trends of the Sangamon soil complex in South-Central Indiana in relation to paleodrainage
Clay mineral ; Drainage ; Indiana ; Palaeo-environment ; Pedogenesis ; Soil ; Soil properties ; United States of America ; Weathering
This study evaluates the influence of paleodrainage, as inferred from soil morphology, on the genesis of the Sangamon soil complex in a Wisconsinan loess-covered landscape in the Flatwoods region of south-central Indiana. The Sangamon soilscape
Beaver-pond sequence morphology and sedimentation in northwestern Montana
Biogenic process ; Biogeography ; Dammed lake ; Lacustrine sedimentation ; Lake ; Longitudinal section ; Montana ; Mountain ; Periglacial features ; Stream flow ; United States of America
. Dams and their associated ponds were categorized into two age groups, young versus old, based on dam morphology and surface vegetation.
A Tokaji-Nagyhegy foldtani fejlodéstorténete és morfogenetikai vazlata. (The geological evolutional history and morphological outlines of the Tokaj-Nagyhegy)
The three structural units (acidic pyroclastics, extrusion masses and a pyroxene dacite blanket) are described. The role of structure and tectonics in the present topography is demonstrated.
Zur Gliederung der Lossstandorte im Rahmen der Mittelmassstäbigen Landwirtschaftlichen Standortkartierung der DDR. (Classification of loess sites in GDR medium-scale mapping of agricultural land units)
-morphological data to mark amelioration units. (HL).
In medium-scale mapping of agricultural land units loess sites are classified by land unit groups, land units types, and land unit regional types. The loess sites are classified and characterized by soil physical, soil chemical, and profile
A general framework for using the rate law to simulate morphological response to disturbance in the fluvial system
China ; Colorado ; Huang He ; Hydraulic works ; Hydro-geomorphology ; Impact ; Model ; Response time ; Space time ; Stream ; United States of America
The framework includes 3 morphological response models, each developed from the fundamental rate law, which has the form of an exponential decay function. These models consider the possibility that characteristic behaviours of the fluvial system
, such as delayed response and/or cumulative effects, may affect morphological responses, making them capable of representing relaxation paths and times for a range of morphological response variables, whatever their initial states. To test their utility, the models
in the framework were applied to simulate the sequence of geomorphological responses to disruption observed in selected rivers with well-documented histories of morphological perturbation, adjustment and recovery. The results demonstrate that the models
in the general framework can successfully simulate temporal and spatial patterns of morphological response in the fluvial system under a range of different circumstances.
Evaluation of multispectral, fine scale digital imagery as a tool for mapping stream morphology
Cartography ; Channel geometry ; Classification ; Data processing ; Geographical information system ; Montana ; Remote sensing ; Stream ; United States of America ; Wyoming
Multispectral digital imagery acquired from Soda Butte and Cache Creeks, Montana and Wyoming was used in conjuction with field data to classify and map hydrogeomorphic stream units on 4 stream reaches. The morphologicunits that were field mapped
The morphology of graded gravel rivers : a network perspective
Carrying capacity ; Catchment area;Watershed ; Channel geometry ; Fluvial processes ; Grain size distribution;Granulometry ; Model ; Pennsylvania ; United States
Analytical hydraulic geometry equations are combined with a watershed model to quantify downstream trends in equilibrium fluvial morphology in gravel streams. The hydraulic geometry equations relate fluvial morphology to discharge, bedload transport
Morphological and morphometric analyses of drumlin bedforms in the Omagh Basin, North Central Ireland
Dating ; Drumlin ; Geochronology ; Geomorphometry ; Glacial features ; Glacial flow ; Northern Ireland ; Spatial statistics ; Statistics ; Typology ; United Kingdom
The aim of this paper is to describe and compare the morphology and morphometry of diamict-dominated and rock-cored drumlins in the Omagh Basin. Diamict drumlins are mainly of classical or fused type and are found in lowland and basinal locations
. Rock-cored drumlins are more morphologically diverse and occur on high-level plateaus and upland flanks. Morphometric analysis reveals both spatial and statistically significant absolute differences between the elongation ratios and orientations
Analysis of LiDAR-derived topographic information for characterizing and differentiating landslide morphology and activity
Canyon ; Fractals ; Geomorphometry ; Idaho ; Landslide ; Remote sensing ; Roughness ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Topography ; United States of America
This study used airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) to examine the surface morphology of 2 canyon-rim landslides in southern Idaho. Specifically, the objectives are to develop the use of surface roughness and slope maps, semivariograms, and fractal
dimensions using vector point LiDAR elevation data for identifying patterns in morphology, movement history, and material types for the active, smaller Salmon Falls landslide; and use these same morphometric parameters (surface roughness, semivariance