. It is shown that the colonists become subjected to the national and international capitalist system by way of unequalexchange relations. In addition, natural resources (oil, gas and timber) are freely exploited by the capitalist centres. The Amazon-basin has
Economic system ; International economy ; International organization ; International trade ; North-South relations ; System ; Unequalexchange ; World ; World market
Bioclimatic research based on man-environment heat exchange
Bioclimatology ; Heat exchange ; Human bioclimatology ; Man-environment relations ; Model ; Poland ; Spatial scale ; Temperature
The paper presents some results of bioclimatic research performed over the territory of Poland with the use of the human heat balance method. The recent studies are based on various models of heat exchange, Budyko's model for stationary
and Błażejczyk's MENEX model for nonstationary conditions of heat exchange. Presented studies concerned to different spatial scales. - (DG)
Effect of peatland drainage, harvesting, and restoration on atmospheric water and carbon exchange
The aim of this paper is to highlight and contrast the suite of processes governing microclimatic and gas exchange processes on natural and abandoned peatlands. Specifically, it determines the effects of peatland mining, abandonment, natural
regeneration, and restoration on evapotranspiration, ground heat flux, net ecosystem CO2 exchange, and the atmosphere-peatland exchange of CH4.
This paper describes the characteristic depth of exchange achieved over a long flood series. Analysis is based on 11 recoveries of magnetically tagged gravels deployed in Carnation Creek, Canada, completed between 1990 and 2008. Both active
and passive grain exchanges throughout most of the bed produce the overall vertical distribution of marked grains. Gravel exchanges exhibit fairly consistent patterns once tracers are well mixed by large floods. Results highlight the role of flood sequence
in determining exchange depths, support the notion of an upper limit to exchange, and underscore the importance of passive grain exchange.
Net water vapour exchange over a mixed needle and broad-leaved forest in Changbai Mountain during autumn
Net water vapour exchange and environmental control over the forest were examined from September 1 to October 31 in 2002. To quantify the seasonal dynamics, the transition period was separated into leafed, leaf falling and leafless stages according
to the development of leaf area. The results showed that : seasonal variation of water vapour exchange was mainly controlled by net radiation; magnitude of water vapour flux decreased remarkably during autumn. Daily mean of water vapour exchange for leafed, leaf
falling and leafless stage was respectively estimated. The budget of water vapour exchange during autumn was also estimated.
Morphology, mineralogy and exchange properties as related to geomorphic position of soils in Tiko plain, Coastal West Cameroon
The present paper examines the relationships between soil properties and their geomorphic position in the Tiko plain. The emphasis is on the mineralogy and the exchange properties of the soils.
A note on the application of spatial interaction models to Japanese exchange flows in 1899
Les flux de type exchange remittance entre 57 villes japonaises en 1899 sont étudiés grâce à des modèles d'interaction spatiale. La présence de Tokyo et Osaka affecte les résultats. - (SGA)
Energy exchange between the atmosphere and the underlying ground as a basis for an analysis of the functioning of the environment
This process determines the functioning of the environment and shapes its spatio-temporal structure. An interpretation of the map of energy exchange with the help of relations between heat fluxes makes this analysis easier.
The distribution of solute processes on an acid hillslope and the delivery of solutes to a stream : I. exchangeable bases
This paper aims to identify the spatial distribution of exchangeable base cations in soils on an acid hillslope, (Quantock Hills, Somerset, UK), and to investigate possible cation release processes from slope soils to the stream. The basic
assumption underlying this research is that the amount of exchangeable cations in soils reflects the nutrient stores and cation leaching processes across the slope where vegetation and parent materials are similar.