Dublin ; Environment ; Inner city ; Ireland ; Private space ; Public space ; Spatial analysis ; Street ; Town ; Tree ; Tree species ; Urban park
This article presents an inventory of trees in Dublin's city centre, defined as the area between the Grand and Royal canals. The results show that there are over 10,000 trees in the study area representing a density of 684 trees km-2 or one tree
to approximately every 50 residents of the city centre. The tree canopy extent when in full foliage was nearly 1 km2 in extent or 6% of the study area. A more detailed analysis of those trees planted along streets shows little species variation but clear
distinction in the sizes of trees, which is indicative of the age of planting. These data are used to estimate the carbon stored in Dublin's trees.
Sewage sludge can be used to improve forestry soil properties, because it is rich in phosphorus, nitrogen and organic material and, thus, can enhance the growth of tree seedlings in poor quality soils. The study was performed on a site amended
with industrial sewage sludge and afforested with birch and pine seedlings. To evaluate the growth of tree seedlings, tree dry biomass, height, diameter, root/shoot ratio, specific root length, shoot and root length were calculated. Higher concentrations of heavy
metals and no significant increase in the biomass of trees on sewage sludge amended soil suggest an inhibitory effect of heavy metals on tree biomass growth. - (AM)
Quantifying lateral root reinforcement in steep slopes - from a bundle of roots to tree stands
A new framework is proposed for systematic quantification of root reinforcement at scales ranging from single root to tree root system, to a stand of trees. In addition to standard basal reinforcement considered in most approaches, the critical role
of trees was obtained from spatial and mechanical superposition of individual tree values with regard to their positions on a hillslope. Potential applications of the proposed approach are illustrated in a numerical experiment of spatial strength
distribution in a hypothetical slope with 1000 trees randomly distributed. Results and discussion.
Range shape and range elongation of North American trees
Biogeography ; Climatic zone ; Ecology ; North America ; Plant species ; Regression analysis ; Spatial distribution ; Taxonomy ; Topography ; Tree
The A. investigates the relative range elongation, with respect to maximum north-south distance and maximum east-west distance, of 269 North American tree species. These data provide evidence that species with smaller ranges tend to be elongated
Climatic change ; Colorado ; Ecotone ; Forest ; Impact ; Microclimate ; Mountain ; Snow ; Tree line ; United States of America ; Wind
The altitudinal treeline ecotone is a windy environment where wind velocities and directions are controlled by local mountain topography and also by the distribution pattern and structures of tree stands. Discussions of a potential climatically
driven upward shift of the treeline at the landscape and smaller scales should give greater attention to the varying wind effects because warming cannot compensate for these other factors (ecological conditions, tree growth). The relative importance
of microsite facilitation providing shelter from the wind will increase in parallel with the upslope migration of the tree limit into a much windier environment.
Dendrogeomorphic reconstruction of past debris-flow activity using injured broad-leaved trees
This study aimed at dating the occurrence of former debris flows from growth series of broad-leaved trees and at determining their suitability for dendrogeomorphic research. Results were obtained from gray alder, silver birch and pubescent birch
, aspen, white poplar, black poplar and gray poplar, goat willow and black elder injured by debris-flow activity at Illgraben (Valais, Swiss Alps). Tree-ring analysis of increment cores, wedges and cross-sections from injured broad-leaved trees allowed
Tree reactions and dune movements : Slowinski National Park, Poland
The main aim of this study was to assess whether the annual tree rings of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing on the lee side of the Czolpinska dunes in the Slowinski National Park, could be used to measure rates of dune advance
. This was achieved with indirect measurements confirmed by direct measurements. It is found that where dune advance was relatively rapid, tree vitality declined after stem burial was over 1.9 m, but where advance was under 1 m/yr survival was remarkably increased
, one tree survived, albeit with thinning needles, after an estimated 11.4 m burial. When estimating sand-movement rates the AA. discounted compression wood reactions and also excluded climatic events and pest infestations. The remaining data supplied
Tree rings and debris flows : recent developments, future directions
In the past few years, dendrogeomorphology has evolved from a pure dating tool to a broad range of applications. Besides demonstrating recent developments in the use of tree rings for debris-flow research, this contribution also provides a short
overview on the application of tree rings for other mass-movement processes and highlights further possibilities of the method. Established techniques can be applied to related processes such as debris floods, flash floods or lahars. Data obtained can also
be used to calibrate modeling approaches. The impact of past and future climatic changes on debris-flow occurrence is furthermore an important aspect where tree rings can be of help.
Agricultural practice ; Model ; Olive tree ; Simulation ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
landscapes, applying it to a field with protruding obstacles (representing olive trees). The model adequately represented some morphological features observed in actual olive orchards, such as mounds around the olive trees. The results show that cellular
Microclimate modelling of street tree species effects within the varied urban morphology in the Mediterranean city of Tel Aviv, Israel
Built up area ; Heat island ; Israel ; Mediterranean area ; Modelling ; Subtropical zone ; Summer ; Tel Aviv ; Town ; Tree ; Urban climate ; Urban effect ; Urban morphology
Environmental determinants of tree species distributions in central Ontario, Canada
The main aim of this study is to determine how 4 environmental variables (elevation, latitude, slope angle, and slope aspect) affect the distribution of 7 common tree species (Acer saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis, Betula papyifera, Abies balsamea
, Picea glauca, Thuja occidentalis, and Acer spicatum) using both regression tree analysis (RTA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) techniques. In general, within the study area (Lake Superior Provincial Park), Acer saccharum, Abies balsamea
China ; Climatic change ; Dendrochronology ; Dendrology ; Fir tree ; Forest ; Geographical information system ; Mountain ; Scenario ; Tree line ; Yunnan
The population of the dominant tree species of the Baima Snow Mountains in northwestern Yunnan, Abies georgei Orr, was investigated with a vegetation survey and tree-ring analysis. Structural and age characteristics were used to indicate the process
Agricultural land use ; Historical geography ; Irrigation ; Land use ; Olive tree ; Rill wash ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; Spain ; Vinegrowing area ; Water erosion
abandonment, soil erosion under rain fed cereals, soil erosion in vineyards,soil erosion in rain fed fruit-tree orchards, erosion and other problems derived from irrigation (piping development and salinization). The trend towards larger fields and farms
mapping was used for the research and dendrogeomorphologic methods, especially the method of analysis of tree rings (eccentric tree rings, growth changes), were used for studying the slope failure dynamism. Slope movement activity in the years 1900–2007
Estimating plot-level tree height and volume of Eucalyptus grandis plantations using small-footprint, discrete return lidar data
This study explores the utility of small-footprint, discrete return lidar data in deriving important forest structural attributes with the primary objective of estimating plot-level mean tree height, dominant height, and volume of Eucalyptus grandis
Spatio-temporal reconstruction of snow avalanche activity using tree rings : Pierres Jean Jeanne avalanche talus, Massif de l'Oisans, France
Mill.) with clear signs of snow wasting events was analyzed and growth disturbances (GD) related to avalanche activity was assessed. In total, 901 GD were identified in the tree-ring samples, indicating that 20 high-magnitude avalanches occurred between