EC membership and the transformation of Ireland's trade
Economic development ; European Union ; Export ; External trade ; Geography of trade ; Importation ; International trade ; Ireland ; National economy ; Trade balance
Trading strategies for New Zealand: the GATT, CER and trade liberalisation
Economic strategy ; Export ; Importation ; International trade ; Liberalisation ; Market ; New Zealand ; Trade policy
New Zealand's position outside major trading blocks is problematic at a time of declining terms of trade for agro-commodities. The strategies pursued to improve New Zealand's trading position are considered with special reference to the Uruguay
Round (GATT), Closer Economic Relations (CER) with Australia, and the promotion of trade liberalisation.
Trading blocs or trading blows? The macroeconomic geography of US and Japanese trade policies
Comparative study ; Economic environment ; Economic theory ; International trade ; Japan ; State control ; Trade policy ; United States
Us and Japanese trade policies are examined from an institutional perspective. An attempt is made to bridge international and domestic politics by positioning state institutions at the center of analysis. The institutional framework is situated
This paper aims to examine the functions and roles of branch offices of wholescale trades and producer services. The author analyzed the case in Hiroshima which is a typical provincial city. - (KA)
Nation-states in continental markets: the political geography of free trade
Economic impact ; Economic theory ; Free trade ; Geopolitics ; International trade ; Nation-state ; Political geography
History of the free-trade idea and what it means in economic and political terms. Case study of the consequences of the Canada-U.S. free trade agreement on Canada shows that it is not a compretely benign idea. - (DWG)
Observations on state trading in the Russian economy
Economic policy ; Enterprise ; Export ; Importation ; Market regulation ; Regulation ; Russia ; State control ; Trade
The AA. present an overview of state trading activities in Russia in light of that country's prospective accession to the World Trade Organization. They cover the origins of Russian state trading, developments after the collapse of the USSR, state
involvement in barter trade, and its control of the organizational structure and remaining monopolies. A discussion of implications embraces issues relating to the inefficiencies of state trading and Russia's designation as a nonmarket economy by the United
Lebanese traders in Southwestern Nigeria, 1900-1960
A study of the impact of Lebanese traders in the economy and politics of southwestern Nigeria, and a comparison with that made by long distance Hausa traders. - (EMS)
Global openness and trade regionalism of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development
Africa ; Development ; International trade ; Partnership ; Regional economy ; Regionalism ; Trade policy
Post-independence Africa is riddled with failed skeletons of development initiatives. Trade regionalism offered the potential for Africa’s economic renewal on the presumption that it would consolidate intra-African and extra-continental exports
. However, the NEPAD trade regionalism has tended to perpetuate the importation colonial production structure and external trade relations. - (AJC)
Foreign trade commodity flows across the eastern boundary of Poland
Export ; Importation ; International trade ; Poland ; Regional economy ; Trans-border area
The paper presents the characterisation of turnover in foreign trade across the Polish segment of Eastern boundary of the European Union. On the basis of data from the Ministry of Finance the variability was analysed of the volume of foreign trade
in the years 2005 and 2007, considering different state borders, border crossing points and directions of trade. These considerations have been broadened by the analysis of the unregistered turnover of the peri-border trade, this analysis being based
This study investigates the economic geography of international trade during the period 1950–2005. It introduces a new trade bloc variable that relies on the intramax hierarchical clustering technique to identify endogenous trade blocs with annual
trade flows. Multivariate analysis with gravity-equation-based variables is used to explain how mechanisms of globalisation have affected trade patterns over the past half century. In particular, proximity and economic integration agreements are key
to explaining the persistence of region-based trade blocs in a globalising world economy.
Long-term geographical changes in international agricultural trade
The article includes the following parts: notes on the historical conditions in the expansion of agricultural trade, structures of international agricultural trade (world trade in cereals, in vegetable oil, in cotton, in coffee, tea, cocoa