Dans cet article, les AA. décrivent la préparation et les implications d'une nouvelle carte thématique publiée par Vaughan et al., 1994, présentant la topographie subglaciaire et du fond de la mer au-dessous de Filchner-Ronne-Schelfeis, son arrière
Brown and Ward (1996) have brought attention to the importance of topography on snow accumulation. Surveying the mountainous region north of Myrdalsjökull in southern Iceland, they offer an alternative view with a bottom-up model of initial
Interactions between airflow and valley topography with implications for aeolian sediment transport
Direction du vent ; Domaine aride ; Désert ; Eolien ; Modèle ; Namibie ; Topographie ; Transport éolien ; Vallée ; Vent ; Vitesse du vent
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Arid area ; Desert ; Model ; Namibia ; Topography ; Valley ; Wind ; Wind speed
This paper investigates the impacts of dryland valley topography on wind speed and direction in order to understand better the effects of a valley on aeolian sediment dynamics. Anemometers and wind vanes were used to measure airflow characteristics
In this paper, 2 topographic indices, closely related to mathematical expressions suggested by different AA. are used to characterize the influence of watershed topography on gully erosion. The AS1 index is defined as the product of watershed area
Alabama ; Bassin-versant ; Erodabilité ; Erosion des sols ; Etats-Unis ; Géomorphodynamique ; Modèle ; Pennsylvania ; Pente de versant ; Réseau de drainage ; Topographie
Alabama ; Drainage network ; Earth surface processes ; Erodibility ; Model ; Pennsylvania ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Topography ; United States of America ; Watershed
Topography reflects the terrain composition and the forces to which it is exposed. A model of basin evolution is shown to produce quantitatively different topography for different relative magnitudes of diffusive and incisive erosion processes
. Spatial heterogeneities in erosivity also influence the simulated topography. The calibration of this evolution model is compared to observed topography. The effect of spatial heterogeneous erosivity is shown to be crucially important to reproduce
the cumulative area distribution of observed topography.
The aim of this review is to acknowledge the interrelationship between topography and ice sheets in Antarctica that must have necessarily taken place during the last 34 million years. Several attempts have been made using numerical modelling
. In this review, the subglacial topography of Antarctica is inspected with reference to both contemporary ice-flow processes and ice-sheet history. Examples of how landscape evolution have been estimated are discussed, which provides a means by which
the continental scale link between topography and ice-sheet development can be investigated in future.
Restoration of floodplain topography by sand-splay complex formation in response to intentional levee breaches, Lower Cosumnes River, California
Aménagement hydraulique ; California ; Cours d'eau ; Ecosystème aquatique ; Etats-Unis ; Habitat ; Plaine d'inondation ; Topographie
Aquatic ecosystem ; California ; Floodplain ; Habitat ; Hydraulic works ; Stream ; Topography ; United States of America
This paper reports results of a field investigation during 1999 and 2000 documenting sand-splay complex deposition and scour and initial development of floodplain topography resulting from 2 intentional breaches in levees separating the Lower
Cosumnes River from its floodplain. The AA. present a conceptual model that describes the importance of floods in constructing and modifying sand-splay complexes that create floodplain topography. The potential habitat variability created as floodplain
topography evolves is the linkage between physical and ecological processes that are critical for restoration.
Effects of topography on surface fault geometry and kinematics : examples from the Alps, Italy and Tien Shan, Kazakstan
Alpes ; Faille ; Géomorphologie structurale ; Holocène ; Italie ; Kazakhstan ; Montagne ; Mouvement de masse ; Néotectonique ; Séisme ; Tien Chan ; Topographie
Alps (The) ; Earthquake ; Fault ; Holocene ; Italy ; Kazakhstan ; Mass movement ; Mountain ; Neotectonics ; Structural geomorphology ; Tien Shan ; Topography
. This paper shows that these measurements can be misleading in rugged terrains if one does not take into account the effect of topography. To illustrate this effect, field data on surface deformations collected along Holocene faults of the Italian Alps
and Kazakstan Tien Shan are compared with fault plane geometry and local topography.
France ; Local climate ; Model ; Mountain ; Precipitation ; Scale ; Spatial scale ; Topography ; Vosges ; Wind
L'estimation précise des champs de précipitations en montagne est rendue difficile par les effets de la topographie, qui sont de nature différente suivant les échelles. L'effet trigonométrique, à l'échelle locale, où la pluie au sol dépend des
conditions locales de topographie et de vent, est en général méconnu alors qu'il contrôle en grande partie la redistribution locale de la pluie incidente. Application d'un modèle trigonométrique au bassin du Ringelbach (Vosges).
Belgium ; Digital elevation model ; Holocene ; Loess ; Model ; Palaeogeography ; Palaeogeomorphology ; Soil erosion ; Topography ; Watershed
The AA. present a topography based hillslope erosion and deposition model that is based on the WATEM/SEDEM model structure and works on a millennial time scale. Soil erosion, transport and deposition are calculated using slope and unit contributing
area. The topography is iteratively rejuvenated by taking into account modelled erosion and deposition rates, thereby simulating topographic development backwards in time. The model is spatially evaluated, using detailed estimates for historical soil
Interpretation of geothermal profiles perturbed by topography : the alpine permafrost boreholes at Stockhorn Plateau, Switzerland
Alpes ; Changement global ; Géothermie ; Modèle conceptuel ; Montagne ; Pergélisol ; Suisse ; Température ; Température du sol ; Topographie ; Variabilité climatique ; Zone froide
Alps (The) ; Climatic variability ; Cold area ; Conceptual model ; Geothermics ; Global change ; Mountain ; Permafrost ; Soil temperature ; Switzerland ; Temperature ; Topography
with emphasis on the clearly-visible effect of topography on the temperature profile. A conceptual framework for the interpretation of permafrost geothermal data below complex topography and the modelling of temperature histories based on these data is also
Aeolian features ; Arid area ; Barchan ; Digital elevation model ; Dune ; Geomorphological mapping ; New Mexico ; Topography ; United States of America
The AA. report the results of a field study that was designed to test the feasibility of using ground-based LIDAR to map the topography of a sand dune in high spatial resolution. They present a surface topography model obtained from a scanning
The AA. present an alternative approach for generating micro-topography for the wetlands of the Okavango Delta. The region is characterized by extremely low local relief, with a maximum relief of no more than 2 to 3 m. Notwithstanding this low
relief, the wetland vegetation is extremely sensitive to small topographic variations and therefore provides a window into the micro-topography. Here, the AA. use knowledge of the relation between local relief and vegetation in order to generate a micro
Interannual variability ; Precipitation ; Skane ; Sweden ; Topography
Etude serrée des précipitations annuelles en Scanie sur une période trentenaire qui montre notamment que la topographie régionale joue un rôle indubitable dans la répartition des précipitations dont la variabilité interannuelle est par ailleurs
Bassin-versant ; Enrichissement ; Erosion des sols ; Expérimentation de terrain ; Matière organique ; Sédimentaire ; Topographie ; Transport sédimentaire ; Végétation
Field experiment ; Organic materials ; Sediment transport ; Sedimentary ; Soil erosion ; Topography ; Vegetation ; Watershed
Examen de l'enrichissement en carbone organique dans les sédiments transportés en relation avec les dépôts induits par la topographie et la végétation.