Temporal sensitivity of regional climate to land-surfaceheterogeneity
Albédo ; Bilan énergétique ; Climat local ; Climat régional ; Climatologie ; Conifère ; Couverture végétale ; Etats-Unis ; Minnesota ; Modèle ; Plante cultivée ; Propriétés du sol ; Température de surface ; Variation spatiale ; Végétation
Albedo ; Climatology ; Conifer ; Cultivated plants ; Energy balance ; Local climate ; Minnesota ; Model ; Plant cover ; Regional climate ; Soil properties ; Spatial variation ; Surface temperature ; United States of America ; Vegetation
This study uses a surface-atmosphere mesoscale model to determine which aspects of land-surfaceheterogeneity affect regional climate the most at different times of the year. The A. concentrates on the vegetation component of the land surface during
Climatology ; Landscape ; Mediterranean area ; Morocco ; Multispectral analysis ; Remote sensing ; Surface temperature
balayage ATSR (Advanced Thermal SpectroRadiometer). La validation de la méthode a été réalisée sur une région de surfacehétérogène du Maroc. Des réserves sont apportées sur la précision nécessaire, inférieure au km., pour évaluer la température de surface
Méthode d'analyse de la température de surface à l'aide de 12 algorithmes utilisant la méthode du split-window et d'un double angle de vision applicable tant sur des surfaces marines que continentales. L'instrument utilisé est le radiomètre à
Vlijanie krupnejsih plotnostnyh neodnorodnostej na izbytocnoe szatie Zemli. (Influence of large-scale heterogeneities on the superhydrostatic flattening of the Earth)
The interpretation of the large-scale anomalies of geoid heights, gravity, deflection of the vertical has shown that the density heterogeneities disturb the normal flattening of the Earth. The superhydrostatic flattening of the Earth is an illusion
hand ancient geoid heights must be measured from the ancient surface of the ellipsoid. (L'A.).
The importance of spatially heterogeneous erositivity and the cumulative area distribution within a basin evolution model
Alabama ; Drainage network ; Earth surface processes ; Erodibility ; Model ; Pennsylvania ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Topography ; United States of America ; Watershed
. Spatial heterogeneities in erosivity also influence the simulated topography. The calibration of this evolution model is compared to observed topography. The effect of spatial heterogeneous erosivity is shown to be crucially important to reproduce
, probabilistic, model-based approaches to multi-unit reporting on stratified heterogeneoussurfaces whilst having the advantage of computational simplicity.
This survey is limited to 3 themes prevalent in research published in 1996 : land-surfaceheterogeneity, mesoscale circulations, and the energy budgets and microclimates of 4 particular surface classes (forests, arid and semi-arid areas, urban areas
Watershed heterogeneity and the response to 2 x CO2 climate : a case study from the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon
A fully allocated surface water supply in the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon, intensifies concern for the watershed's response to climate change. The aim of this paper is to assess the mesoscale hydroclimate in the Upper Deschutes Basin
Assessing the variability of soil surface characteristics in row-cropped fields : The case of Mediterranean vineyards in Southern France
The aim of this paper is to analyse the spatial heterogeneity of soil surface characteristics (SSC) in the case of a vineyard (Hérault province, Southern France) in order to propose an adequate sampling strategy. The spatial heterogeneity of SSC
The ablation rate under a debris layer is very difficult to measure directly at debris-covered glaciers, because the surface is highly heterogeneous, and the ablation rate varies tremendously from place to place. This paper describes previous works
The purpose of this study is : 1) to identify the changes in surface soil properties due to mass movement disturbances, and 2) to investigate the patterns in grassland vegetation distributions associated with such heterogeneity.
La structure hétérogène de la surface active qui caractérise les climats est conditionnée en Roumanie surtout par le relief qui met son empreinte sur la couverture végétale, les sols et le développement des plans d'eau. - (IS)
Heterogeneity of attribute sampling error in spatial data sets
Erreurs dans l'estimation de la moyenne d'une variable présentant des corrélations spatiales: données obtenues par un processus d'échantillonnage stochastique. Identification de deux problèmes distincts, relatifs à la surface et à la population
Fire effects on soil heterogeneity beneath chamise and redshanks chaparral
This research tests several hypotheses concerning the effect of fire on chaparral soil heterogeneity, and evaluates the theoretical ramifications for ecosystem development. The fine-scale heterogeneity in chaparral soils could have two possible
Spatial association and heterogeneity issues in land price models
Urban planners often use spatially associated or heterogeneous data, which leads to estimation pitfalls, most notably spatial autocorrelation and model structural instability over space. A modelling methodology is introduced, that combines a spatial
autoregression with a switching regression to incorporate both association and heterogeneity as part of the analysis. Using Sendai City (Japan) as a case study, the AA. use local statistics of spatial association to assist in the exploration and definition
Structural control on surface flow in karstic environment
Aquifer hydrodynamical properties, hydrogeological tracing, mapping and piezometric monitoring characterised underground flow in calcareous environments. Surface flow study during low-water season showed water supply heterogeneity due to calcareous
Analyse d'un milieu géographique. II. Les données de surface en géographie humaine: la recherche de pavages. Application à la Côte d'Or
Recherche de Typologie de la division de l'espace ramenée à des formes simplifiées en pavage géométrique. Formule de Morton, permettant le calcul approximatif des surfaces. En espace homogène, le pavage tend à se rapprocher de la forme hexagonale
, la plus favorable| en espace hétérogène, les formes allongées prédominent.
Spatial variation of early season surface water chemistry in Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland
This study examines the spatial variability of early season water chemistry in the arctic-alpine valley of Kärkevagge. The data demonstrate the spatially heterogeneous nature of water chemistry and the general patterns of chemical weathering
in the valley. Water chemistry in this valley is dominated by 2 anions, bicarbonate and sulfate. Spatial patterns of chemical constituents reflect the broad effects of local geology on surface water chemistry. In particular, they demonstrate the effects
This paper examines frozen fine-grained soils, mainly of Pleistocene and Holocene age, that are distributed along the Arctic coast at the surface and which contain soluble salts. Salinization is determined by both the conditions at formation
with an increase in ice content. An important feature of the saline soils of the Russian Arctic coast is their heterogeneity.