, palynology, palaeomagnetism, varves, radiocarbon, uranium series, amino acids, and some other relative dating methods. Field relationships are however paramount and all samples must be placed in a rigorous stratigraphical and geomorphological context before
and indirect data. Geological maps are divided on subject-matter basis into the following types: geologic maps, stratigraphic maps, tectonic maps, palinspatic maps and paleogeographic maps, hydrogeological maps, engineering geology maps, geochemical maps