Intra-storm attributes of extreme storm events in the Drakensberg, South Africa
Atmospheric circulation ; Exceptional event ; KwaZulu-Natal ; Mountain ; Precipitation ; Rainstorm ; South Africa ; Spatial distribution ; Water erosion
Intra-storm rainfall attributes were analyzed for 49 extreme storm events at 5 locations in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg. Three stations located in the mountain foothills and two stations sited on the escarpment edge above 2800 m a.s.l. provide
the first detailed intra-storm data for the Drakensberg. Extreme rainfall events were found to vary in duration and in depth, but all stations measure a clear exponential distribution of cumulative kinetic energy content of storm rainfall over time. Further
research is needed to ascertain the association between storm structure and synoptic conditions, as well as the actual effect that within-storm distribution of rainfall has on runoff and soil detachment.
Dynamics of soil carbon dioxide during a storm event
Carbon dioxide ; Hydrochemistry ; Hydrogeology ; Japan ; Soil ; Soil water ; Storm
In this report the AA. show the results of an intensive field measurement on CO2 concentration in soil air during a large storm event and discuss the influences of soil environmental factors on the CO2 dynamics.
When a storm tide coincides with an exceptionally high astronomical tide and shallow water depths, the results may be catastrophic. The record of storm tides is knowable, and they may be predictable in the Gulf of Maine-Bay of Fundy region. The AA
. begin with a look at some of the events associated with the most historically memorable Fundy storm tide, the Saxby Tide of 4-5 October 1869.
The main objective of this laboratory study is to quantify the influence of the storm direction and velocity on soil loss from sloping areas. Experiments were carried out using a soil flume adjustable to different slopes and a rainfall simulator
Chemical trap efficiency of a construction site storm-water retention basin
Applied hydrology ; Heavy metals ; Nutrient ; Ohio ; Pollution ; Rainstorm ; Rill wash ; Suspended load ; United States of America ; Water management
Storm-water runoff from construction sites is an important source of nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution in an urban areas, and retention basins are widely used on construction sites to control NPS pollution. Data collected during storms for a retention
Atmospheric circulation ; Climatology ; Historical geography ; Meteorology ; Radar ; Remote sensing ; Storm ; Twentieth Century ; United States of America
Undoubtedly, the legacy of J.R. Mather is inextricably linked to his pioneering research with the climatic water balance and his extensive collaborations with C.W. Thornthwaite. Mather's research focused on the examination of storm trajectories
using weather radar, a newly discovered meteorological remote sensing tool. This research, an inherently spatial problem of assessing storm cell size and movement, was both innovative and an appropriate melding of geography and meteorology.
A history of transboundary stormwater flows : flooding, tunnels, and the spatial incongruity of the U.S.-Mexico border
, urbanization, and impacts of chronic flooding. Discursive dynamics create spatial incongruities that influence the impacts of natural processes, such as stormwater flow. The Arizona border is used as a case study.
An estimation of the condensation rates in three severe storm systems from satellite observations of the convective mass flux
The AA. have developed a technique for estimating the condensation rates of convective storms using satellite measurements of cirrus anvil expansion rates and radiosonde measurements of environmental water vapor. A comparison between three cases
of severe convection in Oklahoma (1976-1979) indicated that the available moisture in the lowest levels greatly affected the rain rates of the storms. (JPB).
Back-barrier flooding by storm surges and overland flow
Channel ; Channel geometry ; Coastal environment ; Dune ; Florida ; Hurricane ; Hydrodynamics ; Inundation ; LiDAR ; Model ; Natural hazards ; Remote sensing ; Sand ; Sand bar ; Storm wave ; United States of America
, thus providing natural conduits for water exchange from overwash events during extreme storm surges triggered by hurricanes.
Using a high resolution topographic survey and simple hydrology models, the AA. estimate the discharge and velocities from storm surge return flow and saturation overland flow. Results show that return flow velocities are of the same magnitude
as the critical velocity necessary to mobilize sand when a hydraulic connection between the watershed and back-barrier bay is present. Storms of moderate strength and rainfall intensity may be sufficient to keep the return channels open within the back-barrier
Interpretation of damage to coconut palms, motu and reef-flat structures together with other directional indicators show that hurricane Bebe passed to the east of the atoll. A model showing wind and water motion associated with the storm
Factors affecting storm event turbidity in a New York City water supply stream
Drinking water ; Hysteresis ; Multivariate analysis ; New York State ; Precipitation ; Reservoir ; Suspended load ; Turbidity ; United States of America ; Water ; Water quality ; Water resources
The aim of this study was to understand the underlying factors controlling the uncertainty in the discharge vs turbidity relationship at the outlet of the watershed draining into the Ashokan Reservoir, one part of the New York City (NYC) water
and verification at two time scales; daily and events. Multivariate statistical analyses indicate that average daily stream turbidity during storm events can be influenced by the spatial variability in runoff, antecedent conditions, and season. A predictive
Atmospheric dynamics ; Climate fluctuation ; Climatic data ; Climatology ; Evaporation ; Florida ; Hurricane ; United States of America ; Water budget ; Weather type
Account of differences in the Florida peninsula in sunshine, evaporation and water budget, temperature, pressure and winds, humidity and clouds, precipitation, thunderstorms. Additional chapters on tropical storms and hurricanes and climate changes
Climate ; Fog ; Meteorology ; Poland ; Storm ; The 1990's ; The 2000's
The paper is based on daily meteorological data from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) weather station in Łeba, from the period 1986-2005. The climatological analysis, beside the characteristics of air temperature
and precipitation, includes the distribution of other principal meteorological elements (air pressure, wind, sunshine hours, cloudiness, relative humidity) and the frequency of weather phenomena (fogs, storms). - (BJ)
A spreadsheet (Lotus 1-2-3) based technique for analysing storm suspended sediment data with particular reference to logging disturbance in tropical forests
The procedure describes a simple and functional method using a commercial spreadsheet (Lotus 1-2-3) to calculate water and sediment yields from measured or given data sets. The technique is applied to a 51 month data set from Sabah, East Malaysia
favourably with the spreadsheet technique. The application of the spreadsheet technique provides detailed information at an individual storm level.
Erosive water level regime and climatic variability forcing of beach–dune systems on south-western Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
British Columbia ; Canada ; Climatic variability ; Coastal dynamics ; Coastal environment ; Coastal erosion ; Dune ; ENSO ; El Niño ; Hydrometeorology ; Inundation ; Island ; Ocean atmosphere interaction ; Sea level ; Storm ; Vancouver ; Weather
Increases of extreme water levels and storm surges are correlated with known indices of climatic variability (CV), including the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), along the British Columbia coast. Since
-atmosphere forcing and beach-dune responses, this paper assembles the historic erosive total water level (TWL) regime and explores relations with observed high magnitude storms that have occurred in the Tofino-Ucluelet region (Wickaninnish Bay) on the west
a shift to a positive PDO regime in 1977, the effects of ENSO events have been more frequent. Teleconnected impacts include more frequent storms, higher surges, and enhanced coastal erosion. As a first step in exploring the interactions between ocean
principally by wave conditions, followed by surge, and tidal effects. Furthermore, teleconnections between regional CV phenomena, extreme storm events and, by association, coastal erosion, are explored.
Factors influencing storm-generated suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in four basins of contrasting land use, humid-tropical Puerto Rico
The significant characteristics controlling the variability in storm-generated suspended-sediment loads and concentrations were analyzed for 4 basins of differing land use (forest, pasture, cropland, and urbanizing) in humid-tropical Puerto Rico
availability in the study basins is related to land use and underlying geology. The supply of sediment and its location in the watershed have a strong influence on how current and previous storm events, and flow and rainfall between storm events, affect
[b1] U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland Water Science Center, Baltimore, Etats-Unis