Urban biogeographical analysis of spontaneous tree growth on stone retaining walls
Biogeography ; Hong Kong ; Plant colonization ; Stonewall ; Tree ; Tropical zone ; Urban ecology ; Urban environment ; Vegetation
Stone retaining walls in urban Hong Kong provided vertical habitats for spontaneous colonization by a diversified humid-tropical flora with large trees. A citywide survey assessed wall and tree characteristics to understand wall-tree relationships
determinant. Stone width offered more horizontal microsites for seeds to lodge. The walls-cum-vegetation, many older than 100 years, presented a precious natural-cum-cultural heritage, deserving protection as an urban ecological asset.
and identify conservation candidates. Nonparametric correlations were computed between 28 wall attributes versus tree count, tree biomass, and species-vegetation factors. Most of the 245 walls, with 1275 trees, were in residential areas. Wall height was a key
Climatological aspects of stone huts in traditional agriculture in a mediterranean region in Research contributions to the physical geography of Israel. Studies in fluvial and coastal geomorphology of arid and mediterranean regions.
Stone huts are insulated against extreme changes of temperature by their thick walls and sealed construction. Within the stone huts temperature and humidity are very confortable during the heat of summer days, and between 11 am and 3 pm temperatures
may be 6 C-11,5 C cooler than outside. In the neighbourhood of most of the stone huts water cisterns have been hewn out of the rock to provide sufficient water for the summer. Stone huts are scattered throughout vineyards and orchards in Spain, France
Review of why a bronze plaque in honor of Alexander von Humboldt was affixed to the north wall of the stone pyramid for Simón Bolívar on the Andean mountain Chimborazo. There von Humboldt developed his ideas on the altitudinal arrangements
This review considers the development of wall ecology, highlighting the key characteristics of walls that have been found to influence their ability to support species, with a focus on higher plants. It then examines the kinds of plant assemblages
that are found on walls and the broader role of walls within urban biodiversity, before discussing the potential for ecological engineering of walls. Some progress has recently been made in the latter area with the installation of living walls and the physical
engineering of wall materials, but much more needs to be done to effectively increase their physical complexity and habitat quality. Walls therefore represent a substantial potential (as well as existing) habitat within urban areas.
Two case studies are provided illustrating the manner in which photographic information relevant to assessing stone degradation may be used within a GIS. A time sequence of old photographs of the Judges Lodgings, Oxford, is located within a relative
reference framework and classification of weathering forms undertaken. A single photograph of a wall of the School of Geography in Oxford is located within an absolute spatial reference framework and weathering forms classified. In the latter example
the differences of Danxia landforms of the 3 areas are analyzed. The Danxia landscape, characterized by upright-shaped peaks, Danxia mesa, stonewall, cave and vertical cave often presents in the southeast area. The landscape of southwest area is characterised
Agricultural land use ; Erosion control ; Ethiopia ; Experiment plot ; Land use ; Rill wash ; Semi-arid area ; Slope gradient ; Stonewall ; Water erosion ; Watershed
to three slope gradients, were established for cropland (cultivated land for annual crop production) and rangeland (heavily grazed land on hillslopes with high rock-fragment cover) at Mayleba catchment in Tigray, Ethiopia. SWC structures tested were stone
bunds, trenches, and stone bunds with trenches, in addition to control plots. In total, 21 large runoff plots (with lengths of 60 to 100 m ) were monitored daily for runoff production and soil loss during the main rainy season (July-September) in 2010
The Antonine Wall was the north-west frontier of the Roman Empire in the mid 2nd century AD. It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 2008. The nomination process required a detailed assessment of the location and mapping
of the monument, and the production of new maps of the Wall. This was accompanied by a new map of the Antonine Wall, designed for a general audience.
The use of maps to help diagnose the processes by which the Romans may have planned their roads and walls in northern Britain, with particular reference to the Antonine Wall in Scotland
Antonine wall ; Archaeology ; Cartography ; Public works ; Road ; Scotland ; Strategic planning ; United Kingdom
Street between the Vale of York and Newstead in Scotland, the processes of Roman road planning are interpreted and described. The possibility is then examined that these processes may have been applied to the planning of Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine
Antonine Wall ; Cartographic display ; History of cartography ; Middle Ages ; Modern period ; Roman era ; Scotland ; United Kingdom
This paper considers evidence for mapping of the Antonine Wall from Roman times down to the mid eighteenth century, prior to the survey undertaken by General William Roy.
The Antonine Wall – The making of a World Heritage site
Antonine Wall ; Cartographic display ; Delimitation ; Frontier ; Scotland ; Site preservation ; United Kingdom ; World heritage
The nomination of the Antonine Wall as a World Heritage Site in 2007 required identification of the proposed boundaries of the Site and its buffer zone on maps. The maps prepared by RCAHMS built on a long history of mapping the frontier
Moraine and valley wall collapse due to rapid deglaciation in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand
Since the 1880s, the ice mass on the Tasman Glacier on South Island has been shrinking. Beginning in the 1960s, lateral moraines and valley walls began to undergo slope failure of which the A. identifies four distinct types. Suggests a seasonal
The significance of the Great Wall as a geographic boundary
The arrangements of the wall in past dynasties are just consistent with the demarcation line between semi-humid and arid climates in the country. It becomes an indicator of this line between the two areas. From the viewpoint of political geography
Sijilmassa: the rise and fall of a walled oasis in medieval Morocco
are key to the development of the city. It emerges as a Saharan entrepôt founded in Islamic heresy and the oasis is walled to protect against bedouin incursions. Its demise is the result of discordant social forces contending for the region.
An experimental and computer simulation study of erosion on a mine tailings dam wall
focuses on how dam walls fail in an experimental setting and the ability to predict this failure. Results from this study will provide confidence in the application and use of models to predict landscape behaviour through time.