Nation-states, quasi-states, and collapsed-states in contemporary Africa
The state idea
Africa ; Colonization ; Conflict ; Ethnic community ; Nationalism ; Political geography ; State
The successor states to the colonial empires in Africa exhibit the same strains as the fragile successors to the European empires earlier in the century. The survival of these quasi-states has been dependent upon the support of the international
community. Anti-colonialism offers little support for states in a post-colonial, post Cold-War era. In some cases the result has been disintegration and the emergence of the collapsed state.
Conflict ; Defence ; Military expenditures ; Organization ; Political geography ; Security ; Sovereignty ; State ; Terrorism ; Theory ; United States of America
The A. wants to relate the political violence to a political-geographic model of state formation, and to indicate that this quotidian interpretation of the state has many insightful qualities. In some very real ways, the state can be viewed as our
1997
[b1] Dept. of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Arizona State University West, Phoenix, Etats-Unis
Observations on state trading in the Russian economy
Economic policy ; Enterprise ; Export ; Importation ; Market regulation ; Regulation ; Russia ; State control ; Trade
The AA. present an overview of state trading activities in Russia in light of that country's prospective accession to the World Trade Organization. They cover the origins of Russian state trading, developments after the collapse of the USSR, state
involvement in barter trade, and its control of the organizational structure and remaining monopolies. A discussion of implications embraces issues relating to the inefficiencies of state trading and Russia's designation as a nonmarket economy by the United
The effects of government decentralization during transition : evidence from enterprise-state relations in Mongolia
Decentralization ; Economic policy ; Economic reform ; Enterprise ; Financial aid ; Mongolia ; Privatisation ; State control
Focusing on enterprise-state relations, the AA. investigate governmental involvement in corporate bodies, soft budgets, subsidies, state purchases, lobbying, and dispute resolution, and present evidence on how such relations vary with ownership
and level of government. Discussion and analysis cover the effects of devolution of state supervisory power on enterprise-state relations.
Post-apartheid development challenges in small towns of the Free State
Afrique du Sud ; Développement urbain ; Orange Free State ; Petite ville ; Ville
Orange Free State ; Small town ; South Africa ; Town ; Urban development
Current and future development challenges of small towns in South Africa in the post-apartheid era have been neglected. In an overview of small towns in the Free State current issues are identified and some development opportunities and ideas
Capitalism ; Concept ; Development ; Globalization ; Marxism ; State control ; Third World
This article, through a critical review of the literature, claims that geographers have much to contribute to the analysis of the state and its role in development. An appropriate framework is a marriage of radical political economy and certain
strands of neo-Weberianism. This conceptual union allows for broad theorizing of the capitalist state in the periphery. This approach can help explain the differential performances of various third-world states within the confines of the world system
Foreign direct investment and state export performance
Competitiveness ; Economic impact ; Export ; Foreign investment ; International trade ; Investment ; Model ; Regional economy ; United States of America
of U.S. states during the period from 1980 to 1991. Results indicate that increased levels of FDI are positively related to future improvements in state manufacturing export performance.
1997
[b1] Dep. of Geography, The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, Etats-Unis
National idea, state-building and boundaries in the post-Soviet space (the case of Georgia)
The state idea
Ethnic community ; Frontier ; Georgia ; National territory ; Nationalism ; Political geography ; Political reform ; State
Georgia, a newly independent state in the Transcaucasus, bears most of the common features of the Post-Soviet political space. But it has distinct peculiarities in state-building due to its location and historical legacy. The national self-identity
From work to welfare : the response of the Peruvian state to the feminization of emergency work
Employment ; Employment policy ; Female work ; Peru ; Poverty ; State control ; Welfare state ; Woman
The paper explores the ways in which the convergence of economic crises and gendered processes of globalization have created a new role for states and new scenarios for women's paid work. It examines the feminization of state-backed employment
programmes in Peru. The relationship between feminization and the state is analyzed. The contradictory conceptualization of work embodied in state-backed initiatives is interrogated. Through empirical archive and interview based research it examines
Occupation and urbanization of Roraima state, Brazil
In the 1980s, Roraima was Brazil's fastest growing state, mainly in the cities. The A. interviewed migrants to Boa Vista, the capital city: who they were and why they came. - (DWG)
Economic restructuring ; Economic situation ; Living standard ; Poverty ; Regional disparities ; Spatial structure ; United States of America ; Welfare state
The A. argues that conservative theory falters when the spatial dynamics of poverty is considered in the United States. The changing map of American poverty reflects the geographic contours of recent transformations in the American political economy
. Five brief case studies demonstrate that poverty is geographically produced, as alterations in the market and the state are differentially translated into the social order of locales to generate distinctive prospects for affluence and impoverishment.
1997
[b1] Dept. of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Etats-Unis
Determinants of state investment in China, 1953-1990
China ; Economic base ; Ideology ; Investment ; Regional development ; Regional disparities ; State control
This study focuses on one important force that affects China's regional development : state investment in basic construction. The more developed eastern region always enjoyed a greater proportion of state investment than the other regions
Rus in urbe : the spatial evolution of urban parks in the United States, 1850-1920
Diffusion ; Historical geography ; Landscape ; Nineteenth Century ; Time series ; Town ; United States of America ; Urban park
in the United States are mapped. Both types of parks, although serving different clientele, started in the industrial cities of northeastern United States. - (SLD)
A by-product of peasant farmers political weakness is their economic exploitation by the state and dominant classes in the form of low prices for agricultural goods. Self-help initiative in Kenya is a politically valuable as a semi-autonomous
peasant farmer-based institution oriented towards state policy. It embraces all the contradictions of the Kenyan political economy. How peasant farmers unite, form coalitions and manipulate state structures to their advantage is examined.
Indian environmentalism and the question of the state : problems and prospects for sustainable development
Colonization ; Development ; Environment ; India ; Liberalisation ; Resource management ; State control ; Sustainable development
After a review of the arguments made by leading persons of Indian environmentalism, the A. provides an alternative framework for understanding the different forms of state interventions in natural-resource management in colonial and postcolonial
India. Three factors that have shaped dominant policy phases and strategies of state institutions engaged in resource management are highlighted. In focusing on the interplay of them, the A. illustrates the continuities and shifts in the strategies.
Nonsecessionist regionalism in India : the Uttarakhand separate State movement
Administrative division ; Autonomy ; Conflict ; Democracy ; Federalism ; India ; Political geography ; Regionalism ; State ; UttarPradesh
The A. examines the recent mass movement for a separate state of Uttarakhand, an area which currently forms the Himalayan part of the State of Uttar Pradesh. He concentrates on one aspect of the movement, namely how protestors have mobilised
Cultural studies ; Ideology ; Nation ; Nation-state ; Nationalism ; Political geography ; Sovereignty
of nations as well as nation-states have been different, ideologies of nations are essentially the same. The conceptual roots of the idea are looked at.
Regional cooperation in the Caribbean: the Association of Caribbean States
Explains the reasons and motivations behind the Association of Caribbean States formed in 1994 and offers an assessment of the problems in achieving its goal of regional cooperation and economic integration. - (DWG)