Beziehungen zwischen Standort und Fichtenwachstum im ostseenahen Raum. (Relations between site and spruce growth in a region near the Baltic Sea)
In the County of Rostock spruce covers at present about 17 % of the total wooded area and cultivation shows an increasing tendency. Here, spruce grows out of its natural range of distribution. Eighteen sites without groundwater and stagnant moisture
were selected for investigations into the relations between site factors and height growth of spruce. Growth was found to be regulated primarily by the Ca content in soil and this by N mineralization. The Ca content insoil closely correlated
and M. Spruce growing should first of all by concentrated upon sites of type M with almost optimum growth conditions.
Climate response functions for bigcone spruce : a mediterranean climate conifer
Results of the response function analysis have several important implications for the use of bigcone spruce chronologies to reconstruct climate history in southern California. Growth is positively associated with precipitation in all months
of the current year, so that tree-ring indices should serve as good surrogates of total annual rainfall and runoff. However, growth is also related to spring and summer temperatures. The climate-growth system for bigcone spruce is relative by simple
Reversing the decline of secondary spruce forests in Slovakia's Western Carpathians
(mainly mixed stands of spruce, fir, and beech) has deteriorated markedly. The main problems are drought and subsequent insect attack, soil acidification, and air pollution. A. discuss reclamation experiments in the municipal spruce forest of Nálepkovo
Influence of climate and climate anomalies on Norway spruce tree-ring growth at different altitudes and on glacier responses : examples from the Central Italian Alps
The AA. present some examples of the influence of climate and climate anomalies on the alpine environment in the Ortles-Cevedale Group, OCG, focusing on the different responses of Norway spruce tree-ring growth from one OCG valley (the Trafoi Valley
) and of the glaciers from the same region. Spruce responses to the climate anomaly of 2003 were more evident with a one-year lag. Glacier mass loss in the OCG in 2003 was the highest since yearly measurement started. The examples reported confirm the strong and even
Dendroecological analysis of spruce budworm outbreaks and their relation to climate near the prairie-forest border in northwestern Minnesota
The AA. investigate the effects of spruce budworm on tree growth at 5 areas within Itasca State Park in northwestern Minnesota near the southwestern margin of the range of balsam. They also document the species composition and age structure along
transects in sites infested by spruce budworm. The objectives were to : 1) discover when the latest spruce budworm outbreak started; 2) determine whether tree growth was similarly reduced in earlier decades; and 3) test whether radial tree growth
and the start of the outbreak(s) were correlated with climate. They used the computer program OUTBREAK to determine that the current spruce budworm infestation began to reduce tree growth in the 1990s, before it was detected by park officials in 2001
. The results show that outbreaks are related to climatic conditions, but they also depend on other factors such as the availability of sufficient food for the spruce budworm.
The AA. present direct evidence for the relict nature of lichen-spruce woodlands thriving at treeline, using 14C-dated stands growing in the humid climate of eastern Hudson Bay in northern Québec. The structure of the reliet lichen-spruce
communities gives strong support to the current thesis that considers lichen-spruce woodland as a self-perpetuating open forest, typical of the subarctic environment.
Stickstoff als Okofaktor naturnaher Berg-Fichtenwälder. (Nitrogen as an ecofactor in close-to-nature mountainous spruce forests)
Differential patterns of nitrogen content of F+H-layer in 11 forms of mountainous spruce forest in the area of the Harz moutains and the Sudetes are analysed. Total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen and lumb amino acid content of the organic soil
of mountainous spruce forests do not differ at all or only slightly with regard to the relative proportions of the main kinds of nitrogen-acid-hydrolysable, water-soluble and residual nitrogen-while the absolute forms show a manyfold differential pattern
Productivity, population structure and subsistence use of a white spruce forest in the Kennicott Valley, Alaska
White spruce on 26 sites in a sparsely populated Alaskan valley was examined for management of subsistence firewood and house-log harvest. Residants were interviewed to ascertain harvest patterns and quantities. Sites had even-age stands and mixed
Czech Republic ; Degradation ; Forest ; LANDSAT ; Mountain ; National park ; Spruce
During the last more than twenty years, various types of forest disturbance occurred in the central part of the Šumava Mountains. The bark beetle outbreak in this region resulted in regional-scale spruce forest decay. The final disturbance model
shows progress and dynamics of spruce bark beetle spreading in both national parks as well as the development of forest losses due to clear-cutting mainly in the Šumava NP. - (EN)
Using a forest stand simulation model to examine the ecological and climatic significance of the Late-Quaternary pine-spruce pollen zone in Eastern Virginia, U.S.A.
Some 228 mycosociological relevés have been performed in the forest decline survey network in southern and eastern Belgium. A clear relation appears between mycorrhizical species scarcity and the extent of acid rain imputable damage in spruce stands
. Another relation was established between hump-terricolous species scarcity and overall beech and spruce stands fertility. In some cases, the symbiosis between mycorrhiza and tree could turn to a harmful relation for the tree. Another noxious influence
A comparative investigation of arable soils and soils with spruce vegetation is described. The arable soils are less acid and have higher contents of P, Ca, Mg and K than the forest soils. The spodic B horizons present in all soils investigated
, have lower contents of organic matter, iron and aluminium in the arable soils than in the soils with spruce.
Repeat photography between 1972/73 and 1985/86 is used to document the decline in spruce vigor, the cause of which is attributed to lowered summer temperature. - (DWG)
. Studies of pollen and plant macrofossils suggest the existence of open, white spruce-dominated boreal forests from>14,000 yr B.P. to ca. 13,000 yr B.P. The regional decline of spruce, local occurrence of black spruce, white spruce, and larch, immigration
Zum Spurenelementgehalt von Fichtenstandorten im Tharandter Wald und Osterzgebirge. (Trace element content of spruce sites in the Tharandt Forest and eastern part of Erzgebrige)
and to a lesser degree by immissions. For spruce sites not influenced by short-distance immissions preliminary skeleton values for trace elements in the L-, F-, H-, and A-horizons are indicated. The humus profile of spruce sites is suitable for evaluating