Australie ; Domaine aride ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Matière organique ; Microrelief ; New South Wales ; Sable ; Splash
Arid area ; Australia ; Microrelief ; New South Wales ; Organic materials ; Sand ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; Water erosion
This paper reports on a laboratory study of the effects of water drop impacts on litter and sand splash beneath desert shrubs. The natural litter, largely derived from the saltbush Atriplex vesicaria, was collected from desert shrubland sites
in western New South Wales (NSW). The drop impacts caused both sand and litter particles to undergo splash displacement. By restricting splash of mineral particles, litter acts to limit soil splash from beneath shrubs, and in this way may contribute
Significance of wind-driven rain (wind-splash) in the erosion of blanket peat
Donnée climatique ; England ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; North Pennines ; Précipitation ; Royaume-Uni ; Splash ; Tourbière ; Vent
Climatic data ; England ; Peat bog ; Precipitation ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; United Kingdom ; Water erosion ; Wind
In upland Britain, the conditions necessary for wind-splash erosion are relatively common and frequently occur in locations where blanket peat is an important land cover. A typical location is Moss Flats (North Pennines, northern England). Wind
-splash processes were monitored intensively at this site over 3 months using a circular configuration of mass flux sediment samplers, and meteorological data logged from an on-site automatic weather station. The aims of this research are to investigate
A model of the dispersion of splash droplets from a single raindrop impact on a sloping soil surface is combined with a theory of the entrainment of mineral particles from a disaggregated mixture in splash droplets to obtain a model
The contributions and relationships of erosion by splash and overland flow over a steep slope in a Japanese beech forest in plots with different percentages of ground cover were examined. Three erosion plots with average understory coverage of 1
%, 45%, and 94% were installed. Sediment transported by rain splash and by overland flow was sampled separately. The sparse ground cover showed the largest variation of splash and sheetwash contribution in soil erosion. This variability was due
to variation in ground cover and soil surface wetness condition which led to a variation of detachment and non-linear relationship of sheetwash splash.
The AA. seek to constrain the probability distribution of splash transport distances on natural hillslopes as a function of hillslope gradient and total precipitation depth. Field experiments were conducted under natural precipitation events
to observe splash travel on varying slope gradients of the Miyagase Dam Basin, Kanagawa Prefecture, eastern Japan. Measured splash distances were calibrated to the fully two-dimensional (2D) model of splash transport of Furbish et al. that is based
on the assumption that radial splash distances are exponentially distributed. The AA. also compared measured data with several one-dimensional (1D) probability distributions to assess if splash transport distances could be better explained by a heavy-tailed
Splash erosion potential under tree canopies in subtropical SE China
Analyse spatiale ; Chine ; Chine du Sud-Est ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Espèce végétale ; Forêt ; Splash ; Zhejiang ; Zone subtropicale
China ; Forest ; Plant species ; Soil erosion ; South-Eastern China ; Spatial analysis ; Splash ; Subtropical zone ; Water erosion ; Zhejiang
Análisis espacial ; Bosque ; China ; China del Sureste ; Erosión de los suelos ; Erosión hídrica ; Especie vegetal ; Splash ; Zhejiang ; Zona subtropical
Sand-filled splash cups were used to study the erosivity of rainfall and throughfall in the humid subtropics of southeast China. The results showed that the splash cup measurements yielded precise and reproducible results both under open field
conditions and under forest vegetation. The splash cups were exposed to forest stands of different age and to selected species (Schima superba, Castanopsis eyrei) in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve (GNNR). The results obtained under forest vegetation
Des mesures de splash ont été réalisées pendant deux ans dans trois types de milieux caractéristiques du Sud-Shaba: forêt dense (muhulu) à Eutandrophragma delevoyi| forêt claire (miombo) à Brachystegia, Julbernardia et Marquesia| savane à Loudetia
. La forêt dense sèche, avec une quantité de particules minérales recueillies de 3 à 5 t/ha/an est le milieu le mieux protégé contre le splash. La forêt claire subit un splash plus élevé (7 t/ha/an) et la savane atteint le splash le plus élevé (27 à 32
t/ha/an). L'évolution depuis la végétation climatique représentée par le muhulu au Sud-Shaba jusqu'à la savane herbeuse, en passant par les stades de pyroclimax du miombo conduit à une augmentation de 6 à 10 fois du détachement par le splash.
The raindrop impact is one of less studied exogenous processes. All the related phenomena are known by the term splash erosion . Two processes can be distinguished : splash of soil particles and creep induced by raindrops impact. Some factors
are discussed which control the splash erosion (rainfall regime, vegetation and burrowing animals, slope of surface and soil characteristics : particles size, moisture content etc.). Data on splash erosion rate are given. The process should be considered
Drop shape and erosivity. Part II: splash detachment, transport and erosivity indices
l'arrachement et le transport par le splash. Ce résultat est attribué à la dominance des formes oblongues dans des conditions de haute vélocité. Avec de faibles vitesses de chute et de faibles vélocités, les gouttes prolongues produisent un splash deux à trois
fois plus fort que celui obtenu avec les gouttes oblongues. La capacité érosive des gouttes prolongues peut en partie expliquer l'ampleur de l'érosion par le splash sous couvert végétal.
Effects of hydrophobicity on splash erosion of model soil particles by a single water drop impact
England ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Expérimentation ; Imperméabilité ; Modèle ; Propriétés du sol ; Royaume-Uni ; Splash ; Technique de recherche ; Vidéographie
England ; Experimentation ; Model ; Repellency ; Research technique ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Splash ; United Kingdom ; Videography ; Water erosion
Erosión de los suelos ; Erosión hídrica ; Experimentación ; Inglaterra ; Modelo ; Propiedades del suelo ; Reino Unido ; Splash ; Técnica de investigación
The effects of particle hydrophobicity on splash behaviour by a single water drop impact were examined here using high-speed videography. Water drops were dropped on beds of hydrophilic and hydrophobic glass beads, serving as model soil particles
in terms of the distance distribution, the median distance travelled by the particles and number of ejected particles. The ~10% increase in average splash distance for hydrophobic particles compared with hydrophilic particles suggests that particle
Measurement of soil splash erosion on an event-based scale under natural rainfall was carried out on a field spot. Kinetic energy of precipitation was calculated according to a model that incorporates horizontal terminal velocities of raindrops
Arid area ; Desert ; Eolian pavement ; Grain size distribution ; Model ; Precipitation ; Raindrop erosion ; Simulation ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; Vegetation
A simple model of raindrop erosion, the combined effects of the detachment of sediment by raindrops and its transport by splash or by overland flow, is developed to examine the role of this process in the formation of desert pavements. Application
Dynamique de versant ; Erosion des sols ; Expérimentation ; Géographie physique ; Loess ; Pente de versant ; Simulateur de pluie ; Sol forestier ; Splash ; Technique de recherche
Initial erosion is splash and the first phase of low-energy sheet-wash. Relationships have been found for drop impact erosion and drop energy, soil moisture and the threshold energy of splash erosion. The distance of particle displacement
Erosion pluviale ; Géographie physique ; Modèle statistique ; Mozambique ; Simulateur de pluie ; Sol ; Splash ; Stabilité des agrégats
it is shown that their temporal dynamics as regards splash loss is consistent with this proposed sequence, and that in addition aggregate stability does directly relate to total splash loss over a 50 minute period of rain. By now considering the soil
Rainfall interception and splash detachment with a Brussels sprouts plant: a laboratory simulation
Rates of splash detachment from a sandy soil of the Cottenham series, subjected to a five minute design storm of 50 mm/h with a kinetic energy of 127 J/m and a median volum drop size of 3,2 mm supplied from a rotating-disc rainfall simulator
This study was conducted in a wind tunnel rainfall simulator facility at Ghent University, Belgium. The AA present experimental results directly obtained on the effect of horizontal wind velocity on sand detachment from splash cups
Agrégat ; California ; Climat méditerranéen ; Domaine aride ; Domaine semi-aride ; Erosion des sols ; Etats-Unis ; Infiltration ; Propriétés du sol ; Ruissellement ; Simulation de pluie ; Splash
Aggregate ; Arid area ; California ; Infiltration ; Mediterranean climate ; Rainfall simulation ; Rill wash ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Splash ; United States of America
The AA. conducted rainfall simulation experiments in which they measured soil splash and wash erosion, runoff and splash volume for seventeen California soils. The results show tha the formation of soil seals increases runoff and erosion through