The need for a lexicon of scale terms in integrating remote sensing data with Geographic Information Systems
Geographical information system ; Multidimensional scaling ; Remote sensing ; Scale ; Space time ; Terminology
The A. elaborates some terminologies of accepted scaling terms that include : characteristic scale, scale dependance, multiple scale, image spatial resolution, effective resolution element, absolute scale and relative scale. - (DWG)
The objective of this study is to review field evidence from the geomorphological literature relevant to the spatialscale problem, and to generalize the findings by developing a series of propositions. This paper presents these propositions
, synthesized into a coherent framework to form the philosophical foundation for dealing with the spatialscale problem in process geomorphology.
A typology of spatial and temporal scale relations
Scale ; Space time ; Spatial representation ; Typology
Une typologie appliquée à des échelles spatiale, temporelle et spatio-temporelle décrit les relations entre les échelles prises deux à deux, quel que soit l'espace et quel que soit le temps.
, in the context of all the geochemical, geomorphological and hydrological processes ongoing on different scales, as dependent on the tempero-spatial conceptualisation taking account of the size and heterogeneity of features thereof. Spatialscale is defined after
The article presents methodological concepts and definitions as regards different scales, as well as their magnitudes in relation to the study and modelling of geoecosystems. The particular subject being considered is the geoecosystem
The limits to scale ? Methodological reflections on scalar structuration
Configuration spatiale ; Echelle ; Méthodologie ; Production de l'espace ; Recherche ; Théorie sociale
The outpouring of research on scale production and on rescaling processes has been accompanied by a blunting of the concept of geographical scale as it has been blended into concepts such as place, locality, territory and space. The paper explores
Présentation d'un programme de multidimensional scaling, PREFMAP, apte à faire des comparaisons entre les perceptions individuelles. Application à la perception des caractéristiques des centres commerciaux.
Analyse des groupes ; Bassin-versant ; Echelle spatiale ; Erosion des sols ; Parcelle expérimentale ; Précipitation ; Ruissellement ; Transport sédimentaire ; Versant
This paper presents a synthesis of results obtained during 3 experiments conducted using the same methodology for comparable contexts at various spatialscales but for short events. The unique methodology, the experimental control on factors
affecting erosion and the range of scales over 2 orders of magnitude permit to investigate the sensivity of the parameters of a sediment transport equation to spatialscale transfer. The results will show the possibility of using a relation calibrated
for a small scale experimental plot on a larger scale agricultural field under specific conditions.
-area relationship, a measure of species diversity as a function of scale and 2) quantifying spatial point pattern and spatial texture in the distribution of plant across small spatialscales. This study makes a quantitative contribution to the body
The study area is the Skallingen salt marsh in Jutland. The AA. specifically aim to identify the domain of scale over which vegetation pattern and process are detected on a salt marsh. Such identification will be achieved by 1) examining the species
of emerging novel theory that emphasizes scale-dependent complexity in salt marsh ecosystems.
Scale-economy conditions for spatial variation in farm size
Agricultural land use ; Economies of scale ; Farm ; Farm size ; Model ; Spatial structure
Economies d'échelle ; Exploitation agricole ; Modèle ; Structure spatiale ; Taille de l'exploitation ; Utilisation agricole du sol
L'A. étudie les économies d'échelle en agriculture compte tenu des récoltes associées à un niveau donné d'intensité. Modélisation de la structure spatiale de l'agriculture, en incluant la taille de l'exploitation.
Geomorphic controls of spatial pattern and process at alpine treeline
Biogéographie ; Distribution spatiale ; Etats-Unis ; Géomorphologie ; Impact ; Limite supérieure de la forêt ; Modèle conceptuel ; Montagne ; Montana
Biogeography ; Conceptual model ; Geomorphology ; Impact ; Montana ; Mountain ; Spatial distribution ; Tree line ; United States of America
The aim of this study is to propose a conceptual model that describes the multi-spatial-scale relationship between treeline advance and geomorphology. The approach examines the spatial patterns of tree occurrence in Glacier National Park, Montana
, at 3 spatialscales to establish the relative roles of macro- (landscape scale), meso- (aspect and elevation), and microscale (level of individual tree growth, establishment, and death) controls on tree establishment at the highest locations of alpine
treeline. Geomorphic features are therefore important in linking scales of pattern and process at the alpine treeline ecotone.
This article indicates the quantitative tools, with assistance of which it is possible to characterize the morphology (shape) of the valley network and determine their variability caused by the scale change. The monitored morphometric
characteristics (quantitative tools) have been applied to the paradigmatic examples of the schematic valley networks and have been analyzed in three scales. In order to analyze the valley networks, the most suitable are “valley junction angles” and “homogeneity
of various order valleys”, where the relevant values dropped while increasing the scale, but the normal (Gauss) distribution of values was preserved. - (EN)
This study aims to clarify how one Japanese corporation (large scale retailer U N Y ) rationalized and changed the spatial organization of its office functions during this recession. - (KA)
The use of multivariate statistics to elucidate patterns of floodplain sedimentation at different spatialscales
This paper uses qualitative and quantitative data analyses to examine multi-scalespatial patterns of sedimentation in a large anastomosing river floodplain in SW Queensland. Patterns of sedimentation at the channel, floodplain process zone
and geomorphic unit scales are elucidated from qualitative, but traditional, sediment core stratigraphy, and compared against multi-scaled patterns obtained from quantitative multivariate analyses.
The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data is discussed in this paper. The method is based on Landsat Thematic Mapper
(TM) images (May 23, 1985; September 2, 1999) and LAI and biomass measurements at patch scale. The study area is Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve in southeastern Jilin province.
Comparative study ; Gully erosion ; Land use ; Lithology ; Scale ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Spatialscale ; Water erosion ; Watershed
Bassin-versant ; Echelle ; Echelle spatiale ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Etude comparée ; Lithologie ; Propriétés du sol ; Ravinement ; Utilisation du sol
Gully erosion plays a particular role in rapid and extreme erosion processes. Research at regional, catchment and gully scale may have different objectives. The main aim of the paper is to compare methods from the local to regional scale. Three case
studies are presented. The results suggest the following statements to be made. At local scale the processes are determined by gully morphology, material and energy transport as well as by soil properties. The topographical and lithological factors
parallel with land use have growing importance with the decreasing scale. - (AM)
Process-response models of denudation at different spatialscales in Geomorphological models. Theoretical and empirical aspects.
In this paper, one theoretical model program SLOP 3 D, which is based on the mass balance concept, is applied to geomorphological problems at very different spatial and temporal scales.
Concept ; Geomorphology ; Instrumentation ; Periglacial features ; Research technique ; Scale ; Theory
The variety of periglacial environments, the variable nature of the spatial and temporal signals within periglacial environments, and the scale limitations inherent to instrumental investigations, all combine to focus attention on small-scale
geomorphological investigations. Integration of such findings, that is scale linkage, is a difficult, but essential task that requires development of rigorous theory.