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Evaluation of ultrasonic aggregate stability and rainfall erosion resistance of disturbed and amended soils in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA

Evaluation of ultrasonic aggregate stability and rainfall erosion resistance of disturbed and amended soils in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA
California ; Erosion control ; Lake ; Land improvement ; Lithology ; Precipitation ; Rainfall simulation ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; United States of America ; Water erosion ; Watershed
The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of two incorporated organic soil amendments (plant and animal manure compost, and woodchip mulch) on the aggregate stability of drastically disturbed soils throughout the Lake Tahoe Basin
. The soils were of granitic or volcanic origin, and disturbed by either ski run or road development. A second objective of this study is to correlate selected ultrasonic stability indices with infiltration and erosion variables of in situ rainfall simulation
tests of the disturbed/amended soils. Results of comparisons between the ultrasonic aggregate stability indices and rainfall simulation variables suggest that the selected indices may be sensitive to soil susceptibility to crusting and sealing.
2009
[b1] Hydrologic Sciences, UC, Davis, Etats-Unis

Soil erosion prediction in the Grande River Basin, Brazil using distributed modeling

Soil erosion prediction in the Grande River Basin, Brazil using distributed modeling
Brazil ; Environmental management ; Geographical information system ; Land use ; Minas Gerais ; Simulation ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion ; Watershed
The aim of this study is to apply the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) with GIS PCRaster in order to estimate potential soil loss from the Grande River Basin upstream from the Itutinga/Camargos Hydroelectric Plant Reservoir (GD1), allowing
identification of the susceptible areas to water erosion and estimate of the sediment delivery ratio for the adoption of land management so that further soil loss can be minimized. This basin is strategic for future development of the Minas Gerais State
2009
[b4] Dep. of Soil Science, Federal Univ., Lavras, Bresil
[b1] National Soil Erosion Research Lab., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Etats-Unis
[b3] USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Lab., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Etats-Unis

The effect of survey density on the results of geopedological approach in soil mapping : a case study in the Borujen region, Central Iran

The effect of survey density on the results of geopedological approach in soil mapping : a case study in the Borujen region, Central Iran
Agropedology ; Cartography ; Iran ; Methodology ; Scale ; Soil ; Soil properties ; Taxonomy
by comparison with 3 profiles in a similar unit outside the sample area, named the validation area. Comparison of soil types between the unit in the sample area and the validation area at 3 scales indicated that by increasing the taxonomic accuracy, the hidden
aspects of the soils may be more identifiable. Therefore, although the geopedological approach tries to distinguish more homogeneous soil mapping units, it still is not able to fully define and represent the variability and apparent chaotic nature
of the soils.
2009
[b1] Soil Science Dep., College of Agriculture, Univ., Shahrekord, Iran, Republique Islamique d'

Using sequential Gaussian simulation to assess the field-scale spatial uncertainty of soil water content

Using sequential Gaussian simulation to assess the field-scale spatial uncertainty of soil water content
Austria ; Experimental catchment ; Geostatistics ; Simulation ; Soil ; Soil water ; Spatial variation ; Vienna ; Watershed
is examined on soil samples taken from an erosion experiment field located in Lower Austria, 40 km northeast of Vienna.
2009
[b2] Inst. Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Dep. Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Univ. Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Autriche

Effects of two perennials, fallow and millet on distribution of phosphorus in soil and biomass on sloping loess land, China

Effects of two perennials, fallow and millet on distribution of phosphorus in soil and biomass on sloping loess land, China
China ; Cultivated land ; Fallow land ; Land use ; Loess ; Millet ; Plateau ; Scrub ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Soil moisture ; Vegetation ; Watershed
2009
[b1] State Key Lab. of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest Univ. Shaanxi, Yangling, Chine
[b3] Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chine

Long-term biogenic soil mixing and transport in a hilly, loess-mantled landscape : Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington

Long-term biogenic soil mixing and transport in a hilly, loess-mantled landscape : Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington
Biogenic process ; Forest ; Mountain ; Quaternary ; Sediment transport ; Slope dynamics ; Soil erosion ; Tephrochronology ; United States of America ; Vegetation ; Washington State
To help constrain the long-term pattern and rate of soil mixing and transport in forests, the AA. analyzed the distribution of tephra grains in soil along a hillslope transect in the Blue Mountains. Deposited within a loess mantle, tephra associated
with the eruption of Mt Mazama serves as a marker bed for estimating erosion and transport rates. The main components of the study include using topography and the distribution of tephra to test and calibrate a soil transport model for a forested ecosystem
2009
[b2] Dep. of Soil and Physical Sciences, Univ., Lincoln, Nouvelle-Zelande
[b1] Dep. of Geological Sciences, Univ. Oregon, Eugene, Etats-Unis

Effects of different soil management practices on total P and Olsen-P sediment loss : a field rainfall simulation study

Effects of different soil management practices on total P and Olsen-P sediment loss : a field rainfall simulation study
Agricultural practice ; Agropedology ; China ; Geochemistry ; Henan ; Loess ; Plateau ; Rainfall simulation ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
Field rainfall simulations were conducted in 2002 and 2005 to study the effects of different soil management practices on the total phosphorous (TP) and Olsen-P losses by soil erosion and redistribution along a 15 m long slope in Luoyang, Henan
province. Field plots were set up in 2001 and included the following soil management practices : subsoiling with mulch (SSM), no-till with mulch (NTM), reduced tillage (RT), and a conventional tillage control (CT). Results and discussion.
2009
[b1] Inst. of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chine
[b3] Dep. of Soil Management, Univ., Ghent, Belgique
[b4] Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luoyang, Chine

Topographic differentiation simulation of crop yield and soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau

Topographic differentiation simulation of crop yield and soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau
Agropedology ; China ; Crop yield ; Loess ; Plateau ; Simulation ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Soil water ; Sorghum ; Soya bean ; Threshold ; Water resources ; Watershed ; Wheat
This paper, taking the Yangou Basin as a case study and using day-by-day meteorological data of Yan’an station in 2005, simulated and analyzed the quantitative relation between crop yield, soil and water loss and topographic condition with the aid
of WIN-YIELD software. Results and discussion about the influence of topographic gradient on crop yield, and on soil and water loss. It is showed that topographic gradients of 5° and 15° are two important thresholds.
2009
[b2] Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Shaanxi, Yangling, Chine
[b1] Key Lab. of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, Chine

Spatial structures of soil organic carbon in tropical forests. A case study of Southeastern Tanzania

Spatial structures of soil organic carbon in tropical forests. A case study of Southeastern Tanzania
Carbon ; Forest ; Geostatistics ; Organic materials ; Sampling ; Soil degradation ; Southeastern Tanzania ; Spatial analysis ; Statistical analysis ; Tanzania ; Tropical rain forest
The aim of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of the spatial distribution of soil C in tropical natural and plantation forest. This paper presents sampling strategies for estimating mean soil organic carbon (SOC) values as well
2009
[b1] Div. Soil and Water Management, Dep. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgique
[b3] Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Dep. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgique
[b4] Div. Forest, Nature and Landscape Research, Dep. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgique

Prediction of soil depth using environmental variables in an anthropogenic landscape, a case study in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India

Prediction of soil depth using environmental variables in an anthropogenic landscape, a case study in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India
Geostatistics ; Human impact ; India ; Kerala ; Krigeage ; Land use ; Regolith ; Soil ; Soil properties ; Watershed
This study compares empirico-statistical methods with geostatistical methods for predicting soil depth in such a landscape: Aruvikkal catchment in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India. Regression kriging applied on blocks of 20 m by 20 m using
the environmental covariates elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, wetness index, land use and distance from streams, proved to be the best predictor of soil depth. This model explains 52% of the variability of soil depth in the catchment; with a prediction variance
of 0.05 to 0.19. A Gaussian simulation was attempted for a more realistic visualization of the depth, as opposed to the smooth kriging prediction. The most important explanatory variable of soil depth in this landscape is land use, as expected from
2009
[b1] United Nations University - ITC School for Disaster Geo-Information Management. International Inst. for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Pays-Bas

Snowmelt runoff parameters and geochemical migration of elements in the dissected forest-steppe of West Siberia

Asian part of Russia ; Forest ; Geochemistry ; Land use ; Meltwater ; Snow ; Soil ; Soil properties ; Steppe ; Water erosion ; West Siberia
In 3 West Siberian geomorphological regions, the snowpack was measured and the soil frost depth, the volume of surface runoff, the humus content of the soil, and the chemical composition of meltwater were determined for each year from 1969 to 2007
. The study was carried out on chernozem-type soils during different hydrological years. The water content of the snow varied. Both the amount of snow and the type of land use influence the surface runoff volume. Slopes covered with perennial grasses
and plowland had the greatest snowmelt runoff values. The removal of clay particles depletes the humus from chernozem and phaeozem soils. Results and discussion about : the content of exchangeable cations in eroded soils; and the chemical composition
2009
[b1] Inst. of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russie, Federation de

Residue cover and rainfall intensity effects on runoff soil organic carbon losses

Residue cover and rainfall intensity effects on runoff soil organic carbon losses
Agricultural practice ; Agropedology ; China ; Erosion control ; Grain size distribution ; Loess ; Nutrient ; Organic materials ; Plateau ; Precipitation ; Rainfall simulation ; Runoff ; Sediment budget ; Soil erosion
This study investigates the effect of rainfall intensity (RI) and soil surface cover on losses of sediment and the selective enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the sediment by surface runoff occurring under different RI and soil surface
pattern of nutrient concentration and load. They hypothesize that increased residue cover and decreased rainfall intensity will reduce soil and organic matter loss in runoff. Results of the laboratory rainfall simulation experiments and discussion.
2009
[b1] Inst. of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chine
[b3] Dep. of Soil Management, Univ., Ghent, Belgique

Pedologic analysis of the Danilo Bitinj site, Central Dalmatia, Croatia

Agriculture ; Archaeology ; Archeological site ; Carbon ; Croatia ; Drought ; Geoarchaeology ; Geochemistry ; Karst ; Mediterranean area ; Palaeoclimate ; Polje ; Soil moisture ; Soil properties ; Soil science
Here the AA. present the soil description and analysis for Danilo Bitinj. The site, farmed for at least 7000 yeras, is located at the center of Danilo Polje. Field observation reveals fine soils (clay and silty-clay), and lime- and dolostone bedrock
: that despite the soil's sodicity, Danilo may have represented a moist and productive resource refuge.
2009
[b1] Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington Univ., Saint Louis, Etats-Unis

Simulating site-specific impacts of climate change on soil erosion and surface hydrology in southern Loess Plateau of China

Simulating site-specific impacts of climate change on soil erosion and surface hydrology in southern Loess Plateau of China
Agricultural practice ; China ; Climatic change ; Loess ; Plateau ; Precipitation ; Shaanxi ; Simulation ; Soil erosion ; Temperature ; Water erosion
The aims of this study are to evaluate the site-specific impact assessment of climate change on water resources and soil erosion at the Changwu station of the Shaanxi province, using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and a simple
method to spatially and temporally downscale HadCM3 monthly projections to daily weather series at the station (1950-1999, 2010-2039 periods). The considerable reduction in soil loss in the conservation tillage indicates the importance of adopting
conservation tillage in the region to control soil erosion under climate change.
2009
[b3] Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science, Shaanxi, Yangling, Chine

Effects of desertification on soil organic C and N content in sandy farmland and grassland of Inner Mongolia

Effects of desertification on soil organic C and N content in sandy farmland and grassland of Inner Mongolia
Arid area ; Carbon ; China ; Cultivated land ; Desertification ; Experimentation ; Grassland ; Inner Mongolia ; Nitrogen ; Soil ; Soil properties ; Wind erosion
A field experiment was conducted during 2002 and 2003 in Horqin Sand Land, China, to investigate changes in soil C and N contents in relation to land desertification. The AA. compare the amounts of organic C and total N lost by desertification
in farmland and grassland. The results indicate that land desertification by wind erosion is mediated through a loss of soil fine particles, with a resultant decrease in soil organic C and total N.
2009
[b2] School of Life Sciences, Ludong Univ., Yantai, Chine

Holocene sediment budgets for upland catchments : the problem of soilscape model and data availability

Germany ; Holocene ; Human impact ; Land use ; Model ; Periglacial features ; Rhineland-Palatinate ; Sediment budget ; Sedimentation rate ; Soil erosion ; Watershed
budget calculations are investigated. For budget calculations the spatial distribution of soils was derived from the soil map 1:50,000. In order to model the sediment budget a reference soil thickness (a so-called soilscape model), which represents
the initial conditions is necessary. As upland soils are developed in periglacial solifluction sheets, the main solifluction sheet (MSS, Hauplage) showing a constant thickness and being affected by soil forming processes was chosen. Determining the initial
thickness of the MSS is a crucial point. Therefore a statistical model using the local profile descriptions of the soil database for the Speyerbach catchment was set up. The error estimation for sediment budget based on the Speyerbach data is complicated
2009
[a1] Dep. of Earth and Environmental Science, K.U., Leuven, Belgique

The geographic distribution of metals in urban soils : the case of Syracuse, NY

The geographic distribution of metals in urban soils : the case of Syracuse, NY
Geochemistry ; Metals ; New York State ; Pollution ; Soil pollution ; Spatial distribution ; United States of America ; Urban area
2009
[b1] Dep. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Arlington, Etats-Unis
[b2] School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, Univ. Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Etats-Unis

Role of soil moisture in the seasonal progress of the Asian summer monsoon

Role of soil moisture in the seasonal progress of the Asian summer monsoon
Asia ; Atmospheric dynamics ; Land atmosphere interaction ; Model ; Monsoon ; Precipitation ; Seasonal variability ; Soil moisture ; Summer
The aim of this paper is to quantify the role of slowly varying states of soil moisture in determining the seasonal evolution of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM). Particularly they focused on contribution from land memory in the 2 climatological
transition stages occuring in mid-May and mid-June. In order to remove other possible effects associated with the boundary conditions over oceans or solar radiation, simulations in holding soil moisture piecewise constant in time mode have been performed
2009
[b2] Central research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Environmental Science Research Lab., Abiko, Japon
[b3] Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ., Tsukuba, Japon

Agricultural soil erosion and global carbon cycle : controversy over?

Agricultural soil erosion and global carbon cycle : controversy over?
Carbon cycle ; Carbon dioxide ; Cultivated land ; Ecosystem ; Organic materials ; Sediment transport ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
Recent research on the contribution of soil erosion on agricultural land to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emphasizes either the contribution of soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization during transport as source for atmospheric CO2, or the deep
2009
[b1] Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ., Basel, Suisse
[b3] Inst. for Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Allemagne

Slope runoff study in situ using rainfall simulator in mountainous area of North China

China ; Experimental catchment ; Infiltration ; Mountain ; Northern China ; Rainfall simulation ; Runoff ; Slope gradient ; Soil properties ; Watershed
Results and discussion of simulated rainfall experiments with different rainfall intensities and durations completed in an experimental plot in mountainous area of North China. Simultaneously, rainfall, surface runoff, soil-layer flow, mantel-layer
flow and soil moisture are monitored respectively. The recessions of surface flow and soil-layer flow are much faster than that of mantel-layer flow. The relation between the rainfall intensity and the lag time of 3 flows (surface runoff, soil-layer
2009
[b1] Key Lab. of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, Chine
[b3] Graduate Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chine

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