The effect of slope on interrill erosion at short slopes
Beijing ; China ; Rainfall simulation ; Rill wash ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; Water erosion
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of slope gradient on soil erosion and determine the splash contribution to interrill erosion at short steep slopes. An experimental device was used to make simultaneous measurements of interrill
splash and wash at various slopes under a constant rainfall intensity in a laboratory setting. The results indicate that upslope splash loss was a very important component of the total splash loss on gentle slopes and may be neglected on slopes greater
than 36%. Splash transport was a significant part of interrill sediment delivery at short steep slopes.
Slopes and slopes processes : research over the past decade
Bibliography ; Computing ; Digital elevation model ; Model ; Research ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Slope gradient ; Soil ; Soil properties ; Years 1990-99
This particular time period has seen considerable wide-ranging advances in slope research. There has been an almost complete turnaround in the approach taken towards slope research. Two linked themes provide the principal focus for this article
. First, recognition of the importance of differentiated soil profiles (and vegetation) to slope development that has underpinned much recent research. Secondly, the development of computational techniques that has enabled such research to be promoted
, as both larger (long-term slope development) and smaller (detailed soil profile hydrology) scales can be tackled using state-of-the-art hardware and software.
The effect of slope angle on splash detachment has been a matter of discussion for long because it has not always been clearly observed in experiments. In this paper a model, based on the physics of the drop impact, is developed.
Zosuvy v slovenskych Karpatoch.. (Slope failures in the Slovak Carpathians)
Classification and factors of slope movements and resulting failures. Geomorphological development of Slovak Carpathians. Slope failures in the Core High Mountains, Carpathian Flysch, Neogene Volcanites and in the Neogene tectonic depressions. (MS).
The objectives of this study were to anlyse the effect of slope angle on interrill erosion for different plot sizes and to identify possible detachment and transport processes involved in the interactions between slope, rain characteristics and plot
size. Runoff rate, flow velocity and sediment delivery were measured in the field under different slopes and plot sizes for both natural and simulated rainfall. Rain-impacted flow conditions were also compared to flow conditions only.
The influence of slope aspect on soil weathering processes in the Springerville volcanic field, Arizona
Arizona ; Geochemistry ; Pedogenesis ; Slope ; Slope gradient ; United States of America ; Volcanic soil ; Volcanism ; Weathering
A comparison was made between soils on north- and south-facing slopes of cinder cones in the Springerville volcanic field (SVF), in order to determine the influence of slope aspect on soil weathering processes. Accelerated rates of weathering
and soil development were found to occur in soils on south-facing slopes while no trend with aspect was found for eolian additions. Accelerated rates of weathering and soil development may influence cinder cone degradation and cone morphology.
An expert system for predicting the probable failure of a mountain slope during heavy rainfall
Expert system ; Forecast;Prediction ; Japan ; Mass movement ; Mountain ; Precipitation ; Slope ; Slope dynamics
An expert system for consulting probable failure of a mountain slope is proposed. PROLOG, an artificial intelligence language was used. To examine whether the proposed system is appropriate, the AA. applied it to an area. The results show
that the dangerous goals are obtainable for failed slopes and the safety goals for non-failed ones. The results show also that topographical factors greatly influence the occurrence of surface failure on mountain slope.
Mechanism for the instability of slopes composed of granular materials
Avalanche ; Experimentation ; Geophysics ; Mass movement ; Model ; Shear stress ; Slope ; Slope dynamics
The mechanism of instability of slopes composed of granular materials was examined through a tilting-box experiment using an assembly of aluminium rods and direct shear tests. Avalanching of granular materials is triggered by rotation of rods
at the slope surface. The force inducing the rotation was caused by the weight of the particles transmitted through contact points. Therefore, the mechanism of avalanching of granular materials was not comparable to the shear mechanism that has been considered
to be responsible for the instability of slopes made of granular materials.
The geomorphic evolution of slopes and sediment chutes on forereefs
the topographic profiles. Comparisons of coral age and adjacent slope angle indicated that the steeper slopes are older and that mass failure of the slope reduces the steepness of the forereef front and destroys the coral community along the disturbed slope
. Slopes grow until reaching a critical steepness, after which underwater sliding of the over-steepened forereef front results.
The research on slope deformations in the Vsetín district, in the Outer Western Carpathians, activated by extreme precipitations (July 1997). More than 500 localities of slope-failures were recorded. The slope failures disturbed the landscape
The purpose of this study is to examine the mode and depth of an avalanche on a slope composed of cohesive granular materials in comparison with that composed of non-cohesive materials. Results and conclusions of the laboratory tilting tests
The slopes of Mt Ślęża, southwest Poland, are covered by debris covers that consist of gabbro blocks. Six classes of slope covers have been distinguished based on the concentration of blocks. A map of slope covers has been digitized
and the following parameters have been defined : concentration of blocks on the slope, slope inclination, altitude, and aspect. The concentration of blocks has no correlation with either aspect or altitude. Instead, a dependence upon slope inclination is found
To examine running distance of debris flows occurring on the talus slopes, rainfall experiments were carried out. The quantity Vt is defined as the reciprocal of the threshold value of Lc/Lt at which debris flows just reach the bottom of the talus
slope, where Lc is the horizontal length of the cliff and Lt is the horizontal length of the talus slope. The value of Vt is also a measure of the possibility of sedimentary outflow from the talus slope by debris flow. The value of Vt shows strong
correlation with the hydraulic conductivity of talus sediment (K) and the rainfall intensity (It). The outflow of debris from the talus slope can be predicted using the values of Lc, Lt, K, and It.
Rock mass strength as a control of slope development : evidence from Southern Africa
Rock Mass Strenght (RMS) theory is examined to quantify some of the factors involved in the development slope angles. Contrasting slope development profiles are related to RMS ratings and critical levels are identified. Classic slope decline