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Slopes and slopes processes : research over the past decade

Slopes and slopes processes : research over the past decade
Bibliography ; Computing ; Digital elevation model ; Model ; Research ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Slope gradient ; Soil ; Soil properties ; Years 1990-99
This particular time period has seen considerable wide-ranging advances in slope research. There has been an almost complete turnaround in the approach taken towards slope research. Two linked themes provide the principal focus for this article
. First, recognition of the importance of differentiated soil profiles (and vegetation) to slope development that has underpinned much recent research. Secondly, the development of computational techniques that has enabled such research to be promoted
, as both larger (long-term slope development) and smaller (detailed soil profile hydrology) scales can be tackled using state-of-the-art hardware and software.

A C program for detecting slope forms from grid dems

A C program for detecting slope forms from grid dems
Geomorphology ; Mathematical model ; Model ; Programming ; Research technique ; Slope
The C program is operational under either the DOS or UNIX environment, depending on how it is compiled. This program is designed to detect slope forms in three dimensions that include both the profile and cross-section directions based on elevation
, aspect and gradient information.

Variation in erosion-slope relationship on cut-slopes along a tropical highway

Variation in erosion-slope relationship on cut-slopes along a tropical highway
Etude, dans un milieu homogène, du matériel érodé en fonction des différents gradients des pentes des talus bordiers de la route Bénin City - Lagos. - (OC)

The digital elevation model of Italy for geomorphology and structural geology

Italy ; Model ; Neotectonics ; Numerical model ; Slope gradient ; Statistics ; Structural geomorphology ; Tectonics
Three different methods for calculating from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) slope and aspect are discussed : the Four Contiguous Right Triangles, the Maximum Downward Gradient and the Bicubic Spline First Derivative; the resulting maps have been
compared with each other at regional scale and for a small area with a slope map obtained by using classical techniques. The main goal of the comparison has been the choice of the best technique for the computation of the digital slope map of Italy.

Detachment of road surface soil by flowing water

China ; Cultivated land ; Experimentation ; Forecast ; Model ; Runoff ; Shaanxi ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Watershed
to flow depth, slope gradient and other hydraulic parameters such as shear stress, stream power and unit stream power. Multiple non-linear regression analyses indicate that detachment rates for all roads can be accurately predicted by power functions
of flow depth and slope gradient. According to the experimental results, stream power was suggested as an indicator to estimate soil detachment rate instead of shear stress in soil erosion models. However, considering the simplicity and availability, power
function of flow depth and slope gradient is also recommended to predict detachment rate on the road surfaces.

Influence of the slope gradient and supply area on splash scope of the problem in Erosion budgets and their hydrologic basis.

Influence of the slope gradient and supply area on splash scope of the problem in Erosion budgets and their hydrologic basis.

Particle size-pediment slope relations: some findings from Saudi Arabia

Particle size-pediment slope relations: some findings from Saudi Arabia
Arid area ; Crystalline rocks ; Grain size distribution ; Granite ; Pediment ; Saudi Arabia ; Slope ; Slope gradient ; Statistics ; Surface deposits
The proposition that pediment slope is related to debris-size is shown to be flawed. This notion was examined on 15 traverses on rock-cut pediments in the southern Hijaz region of western Saudi Arabia. Complete particle size analyses
of pedisediments were obtained and the moments used for pair-wise comparisons with down pediments changes in pediment slope. It is shown that simple comparisons of standardised regression coefficients are misleading and a formal test is introduced.

Clast exposure on boulder-covered desert slopes

Clast exposure on boulder-covered desert slopes
Arid area ; Basalt ; Catena ; Desert ; Infiltration ; Jordan ; Lithology ; Rill wash ; Slope ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion
Variation in the degree of clast exposure on stony desert slopes is examined in an area of northeast Jordan. Geological influences on the characteristics of stone mantles are modified by relative slope position. Observations that the nature

Effect of slope on the growth and migration of headcuts in rills

Effect of slope on the growth and migration of headcuts in rills
Gully erosion ; Mississippi ; Rainfall simulation ; Rill wash ; Sediment budget ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; United States of America ; Watershed
experiment, but initial slope of the bed varied from 1% to 10%. The slope of the sediment deposit downstream of the migrating headcut was 2.2% for all experiments, and suggests that flow discharge and not the initial slope of the bed controlled transport

Observation of thermal belt on an open slope by use of infrared thermography

Observation of thermal belt on an open slope by use of infrared thermography
Honshu ; Japan ; Mountain ; Slope gradient ; Soil temperature ; Temperature ; Vegetation
An observation utilizing an infrared thermography was conducted on January 9, 2005, in the southern slope Mt. Houkyou and its accompanying slope holding a quarry where vegetation is scarce. The aim of this study is to deduce the effect of vegetation
on the thermal belt by comparing the cooling rate under differing land surface conditions; to measure the strength of the inversion layer created along the slope of Mt. Houkyou in order to quantify the role of the nocturnal drainage flow in maintaining

Shear strength of the materials applied to the slope stability in a humid tropical environment (São Paulo, Brasil)

Shear strength of the materials applied to the slope stability in a humid tropical environment (São Paulo, Brasil)
Brazil ; Shear stress ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Slope gradient ; São Paulo ; Threshold ; Tropical zone
The subject of this paper is to evaluate the thresholds for the hillslopes stability, combing a usual limit equilibrium method with the infinite slope analysis. For to reach this purpose was necessary to make measures of shearing stresses

Identification of strength equilibrium rock slopes : further statistical considerations

Identification of strength equilibrium rock slopes : further statistical considerations
Strength equilibrium slopes are rock slopes whose gradient théta and rock mass strength (RMS) are in adjustement. The identification of such slopes depends on the accurate specification of the strength equilibrium envelope. Previous attempts
by the 95 per cent confidence limits. The analysis is performed on a data set of 268 rock slopes.

Soil erosion and surface runoff on different vegetation covers and slope gradients : A field experiment in Southern Shaanxi Province, China

Soil erosion and surface runoff on different vegetation covers and slope gradients : A field experiment in Southern Shaanxi Province, China
Agricultural land use ; China ; Deforestation ; Experiment plot ; Human impact ; Plant cover ; Shaanxi ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Water erosion
A field experiment in the Shangnan County using small erosion plots was carried out to determine and compare the soil loss and surface runoff from 5 vegetation covers and 3 levels of slope gradient. The 5 vegetation covers embraced the most frequent
, and forestlands including low and high forests (Chinese cork-oak coppices and pine plantations, respectively). The change in the runoff among the vegetation covers and slope gradients was high but not as significantly pronounced as for the change in the soil loss
. Results showed that the slope gradient has an impact on the runoff and soil loss. In addition, results exhibited that the rate of erosion is substantially affected by changes in vegetation cover.

Mound development as an interaction of individual plants with soil, water erosion and sedimentation processes on slopes

Mound development as an interaction of individual plants with soil, water erosion and sedimentation processes on slopes
Arid area ; Ecosystem ; Mediterranean area ; Microrelief ; Plant species ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Spain ; Splash ; Valencia ; Water erosion
. The influence of slope gradient, plant species and plant parameters on the shape and height of microtopographic studies is also studied. Main processes were identified as affecting mound development in the studied field site : sedimentation, differential
In this study, the influence of 3 representative species of the Mediterranean matorral on slope microtopography is determined and the processes that take part in the development of microtopographic structures beneath the plant canopy are identified

Topographic control of periglacial slope covers, Ślęża Massif, southwest Poland : a statistical approach

Topographic control of periglacial slope covers, Ślęża Massif, southwest Poland : a statistical approach
Altitude ; Leaching ; Periglacial features ; Pleistocene ; Poland ; Slope deposit ; Slope gradient ; Spatial distribution ; Sudety ; Topography
The slopes of Mt Ślęża, southwest Poland, are covered by debris covers that consist of gabbro blocks. Six classes of slope covers have been distinguished based on the concentration of blocks. A map of slope covers has been digitized
and the following parameters have been defined : concentration of blocks on the slope, slope inclination, altitude, and aspect. The concentration of blocks has no correlation with either aspect or altitude. Instead, a dependence upon slope inclination is found

Factors affecting sedimentary outflow from talus slope by debris flow : a laboratory experiment

Factors affecting sedimentary outflow from talus slope by debris flow : a laboratory experiment
Alluvial cone ; Cliff ; Debris flow ; Experimentation ; Japan ; Precipitation ; Sediment transport ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Slope gradient
To examine running distance of debris flows occurring on the talus slopes, rainfall experiments were carried out. The quantity Vt is defined as the reciprocal of the threshold value of Lc/Lt at which debris flows just reach the bottom of the talus
slope, where Lc is the horizontal length of the cliff and Lt is the horizontal length of the talus slope. The value of Vt is also a measure of the possibility of sedimentary outflow from the talus slope by debris flow. The value of Vt shows strong
correlation with the hydraulic conductivity of talus sediment (K) and the rainfall intensity (It). The outflow of debris from the talus slope can be predicted using the values of Lc, Lt, K, and It.

En bulgare Criteria expressing the effect of hydrogeological conditions on landslide slope stability

En bulgare Criteria expressing the effect of hydrogeological conditions on landslide slope stability
Condition hydraulique ; Dynamique de versant ; Eau du sol ; Glissement de terrain ; Gradient hydraulique ; Géographie physique ; Hydrogéologie ; Niveau phréatique ; Versant

The influence of hillslope gradient, regolith texture, stone size and stone position on the presence of a vesicular layer and related aspects of hillslope hydrologic processes: a case study from the Australian arid zone

The influence of hillslope gradient, regolith texture, stone size and stone position on the presence of a vesicular layer and related aspects of hillslope hydrologic processes: a case study from the Australian arid zone
Arid area ; Australia ; Grain size distribution ; Hydrology ; Infiltration ; New South Wales ; Precipitation ; Slope ; Slope gradient ; Soil properties ; Soil water
This paper aims to determine the influence of slope gradient, regolith texture, stone size, and depth of stone embedment on the presence of a vesicular layer just below the surface in arid Australia. The study also identifies the role

Comparison of slope estimates from low resolution DEMs : scaling issues and a fractal method for their solution

Comparison of slope estimates from low resolution DEMs : scaling issues and a fractal method for their solution
Algorithm ; Fractal geometry ; Methodology ; Numerical model ; Scale ; Slope ; Slope gradient ; Spatial variation ; Topography
Five different algorithms for calculating slope from digital elevation models (DEMs) have been compared from regional to global scales. The most significant outcome is that slope varies inversely with the DEM grid size. Thus, slopes estimated from
coarse resolution data can be considered to produce significant underestimates of the true slope. A fractal theory is adapted to solve this problem. The variation of fractal parameters is discussed at various scales, and a model is developed to estimate
the high resolution slope based on the coarse resolution DEM by using fractal parameters.

Evolution of desert colluvial boulder slopes

Evolution of desert colluvial boulder slopes
Arid area ; California ; Dating ; Desert ; Geomorphometry ; Isotope dating ; Pleistocene ; Slope deposit ; Slope dynamics ; Slope gradient ; United States of America
The AA. employed rhyolite domes formed during the past million years in eastern California to study the evolution of boulder-dominated slopes. The slopes studied are steep and are made of coarse, boulder-sized blocks. These slopes include well
microlaminae, to produce a detailed million-year-long slope development history with broad implications for geomorphic theory.

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