Erosion des sols ; Propriétés du sol ; Précipitation ; Simulation de pluie ; Splash ; Versant
Presents the results of laboratory experiments on hydrophobic and wettable soils to investigate the differences in 1) the amounts of soil material detached by simulatedrainfall, and 2) the splash detachment mechanisms by comparing splash ejection
Spatial and temporal variation in two rainfallsimulators : implications for spatially explicit rainfallsimulation experiments
Rainfallsimulation in geomorphology
Comparative study ; England ; Experimentation ; Model ; Monte Carlo analysis ; Rainfallsimulation ; Research technique ; Soil erosion ; Spatial variation ; Stochastic model ; United Kingdom ; Water erosion
England ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Etude comparée ; Expérimentation ; Modèle ; Modèle stochastique ; Méthode de Monte Carlo ; Royaume-Uni ; Simulation de pluie ; Technique de recherche ; Variation spatiale
Rainfallsimulators are widely used yet there is little evidence in the literature to show that their spatial and temporal variability has been adequately taken into account. A first aim of this paper is therefore to examine this variability
, and to appraise methodologies by which it may be quantified. A second aim is to evaluate the implications for spatially explicit rainfallsimulation experiments.
Characterization of rainfall generated by dripper-type rainfallsimulator using piezoelectric transducers and its impact on splash soil erosion
Honshu ; Japan ; Methodology ; Rainfallsimulation ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; Water erosion
Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Honshū ; Japon ; Méthodologie ; Simulation de pluie ; Splash
In this paper, the effect of rainfall characteristics produced by a dripper-type rainfallsimulator on splash soil erosion (Ds) has been investigated. The simulatedrainfall kinetic energy (KE) and drop size distribution (DSD) were measured using
piezoelectric transducers. The soil splash was evaluated under various simulatedrainfall intensities using the splash-cup method. The simulatedrainfall intensity (I) and kinetic energy relationship (I–KE) was found to be different from natural rainfall
. The simulatedrainfall intensity and splash soil erosion relationship (I–Ds) also followed this same trend. Results and discussion. Accordingly, to improve the soil splash estimation of simulatedrainfall under various rainfall intensities the I–KE
characterization relationship for rainfallsimulators has to be taken into account.
Ecoulement ; Erosion des sols ; Expérimentation ; Pente de versant ; Précipitation ; Simulation de pluie ; Transport sédimentaire ; Versant
Discussion of the results of experiments using simulatedrainfall. It is shown that, because film thickness increases, the direct impact of rainfall on sediment transport decreases with slope length.
This paper evaluates and compares hydraulic characteristics in flows with and without rainfall disturbance. The spatial uniformity of simulatedrainfall properties, and its significance to flow hydraulics, are also discussed.
Uncertainty in modelling the detachment of soil by rainfall
England ; Model ; Modelling ; Precipitation ; Rainfallsimulation ; Reliability ; Research technique ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; United Kingdom
Energie cinétique ; England ; Erosion des sols ; Fiabilité ; Modèle ; Modélisation ; Précipitation ; Royaume-Uni ; Simulation de pluie ; Splash ; Technique de recherche
The AA. show that rainfall kinetic energy (and hence soil detachment) does not bear a simple relationship to intensity. For low-intensity rainfall, observed variations in drop-size distributions indicate that soil detachment, at a given rainfall
intensity, may vary by about a factor of two. Comparable estimates of variation in soil detachment at high rainfall intensity are not possible because of a dearth of observational data on variation in drop-size distributions in high-intensity rainfall
. Variation in drop-size distributions in natural rainfall may, therefore, account for a significant component of differences between observed soil detachment and that predicted by models of soil erosion.
Agropédologie ; Chine ; Couverture végétale ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Infiltration ; Loess ; Propriétés du sol ; Shaanxi ; Simulation de pluie ; Végétation
Four rainfallsimulation experiments were conducted at an interval of 5 weeks to investigate the effects of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. shoots and roots on soil erosion and runoff reductions. Results and discussion. Ryegrass planting could improve
Conception, mise en oeuvre et performances d'un simulateur de pluie de type compte-goutte et d'un système de mesure de l'érosion portable de terrain. Ce système est testé dans une forêt primaire et une forêt tropicale à Danum Valley (Bornéo
Etude de simulation de pluie de 10 mm par heure réalisée dans des conditions hivernales sur le bassin-versant de Haraldsted en Zélande. Les pertes sédimentaires et en phosphore sont comparées aux pertes déterminées sur d'autres zones d'érosion
danoises. On évalue l'applicabilité du simulateur de pluie pour des études ultérieures d'érosion au Danemark.
Erodabilité ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Infiltration ; Modélisation ; Neige ; Parcelle expérimentale ; Propriétés du sol ; Précipitation ; Simulation de pluie ; Technique de recherche ; Transport sédimentaire ; Végétation
Several state of the art contributions presented at the International RainfallSimulator Workshop 2011 at Trier University and the main outcomes of the workshop are presented in this issue. The 1st paper reports constraints, needs and challenges
for a future use of small scale simulators in soil erosion research. The 2nd paper presents an experiment with 7 different rainfallsimulators from Germany, Spain, Switzerland and the Netherlands on a prepared field in Trier to determine the influence
of rainfallsimulator type and plot dimensions on runoff and erosion. Additionally, 10 selected papers present an overview of research currently carried out with small scale simulators, including new topics like in situ simulations of wind-driven rain and rain
on snow events. The challenges of using small scale rainfallsimulations concern the comparability of results and scales, the quality of data for soil erosion modelling, and further technical developments.
A series of rainfallsimulation experiments was carried out at the Walnu Gulch Experimental Watershed, Tombstone, Arizona, to observe the speed at which desert pavement surfaces could be re-established following disturbance. The results
of these field simulations were then compared with numerical simulations to check the extent to which the simulation model of Wainwright et al. (1994) reproduces the effects of raindrop erosion.
A rainfallsimulator for laboratory-scale assessment of rainfall-runoff-sediment transport processes over a two-dimensional flume
Experimentation ; Rainfallsimulation ; Rill wash ; Runoff ; Sediment transport ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
Ecoulement ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Expérimentation ; Pente de versant ; Ruissellement ; Simulation de pluie ; Transport sédimentaire
In this study, a laboratory-scale rainfallsimulator is developed. Rainfall characteristics including the rainfall intensity and its spatial uniformity, raindrop size, raindrop velocity, and kinetic energy confirm that natural rainfall conditions
of interrill areas into rills. Experiments result in typical rainfall-induced hydrographs and sedigraphs observed under natural conditions. This shows the ability of the rainfallsimulator for use in sediment transport processes over hillslopes.
are simulated with sufficient accuracy. The accompanying erosion flume can be given slope up to 20% in lateral and longitudinal directions. During the experiments, flow measurement is taken from 2 outlets at the end of the flume to distinguish the contribution
Agropédologie ; Conservation des sols ; Erosion des sols ; Modèle ; Modèle mathématique ; Pente de versant ; Propriété du sol ; Précipitation ; Simulation de pluie
The soil erosion model presented in this paper is based predominantly on general physical principles. The model parameters are related directly to measurable soil, slope and rainfall properties. Both the erosion and the deposition of the soil
Rainfall interception and splash detachment with a Brussels sprouts plant: a laboratory simulation
Cycle de l'eau ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion pluviale ; Géographie physique ; Interception ; Simulateur de pluie ; Technique de recherche
Rates of splash detachment from a sandy soil of the Cottenham series, subjected to a five minute design storm of 50 mm/h with a kinetic energy of 127 J/m and a median volum drop size of 3,2 mm supplied from a rotating-disc rainfallsimulator
, are determined without a plant cover and with the cover of a single Brussels sprouts plant. The detachment rate was found rather surprisingly to be inversely related to the energy of the rainfall under the plant and positively related to the number of leaves.
Simulation of a serie of daily areal mean rainfalls for a basin using rainfall observations at a reference station located outside the basin
A mathematical model is built which enables daily estimates to be made of the areal mean rainfalls for a basin using rainfall observations at a reference station of the same climature (succession of meteorological phenomena related to the types
Evaluation of three different Model Concepts to Simulate the Rainfall-Runoff process in a tropical headwater catchment in West Africa
Africa ; Benin ; Model ; Precipitation ; Rainfallsimulation ; West Africa
Afrique ; Afrique de l'Ouest ; Bénin ; Modèle ; Précipitation ; Simulation de pluie
L'étude évalue l'application de trois concepts différents de modèles de simulation des pluies et des écoulements en Afrique de l'Ouest. Les trois modèles (un modèle basé sur TOPMODEL, un modèle conceptuel et un modèle physique) sont testés dans deux
Agropédologie ; Allemagne ; Ecoulement ; Ecoulement superficiel ; Expérimentation ; Flensburg ; Herbicide ; Schleswig-Holstein ; Simulation de pluie
Herbicide losses and the influence of physicochemical properties of flufenacet, metazachlor and terbuthylazine were studied on a microplot of bare soil and slight slope with rainfallsimulation. The highest concentrations were detected in the first
runoff samples which decreased exponentially with further rainfall. The artificial setup of intermittent rainfall revealed that with every new rainfall event after a rainless period, a higher amount of herbicides was released from the plot than
at the last interval of the previous rainfall event. This effect was caused by alterations to the soil surface that occurred during the rainless periods. Furthermore, the results show that the herbicide loss relates to herbicide adsorption to organic carbon