Relationship between the decrease of seaice and early summer atmospheric circulation in and around the Sea of Okhotsk
Anticyclone ; Atmospheric circulation ; Ocean atmosphere interaction ; Pacific Region ; Seaice ; Time series ; Years 1970-79 ; Years 1980-89 ; Years 1990-99
The aim of this study is to clarify the relationships between the variability in seaice area in the Sea of Okhotsk during the seaice disappearance period, and the variability in the atmospheric circulation around the sea of Okhotsk during
the early summer, focused on the effects of the seaice on the atmosphere. A strengthening of the Okhotsk anticyclone is presumed to be related to variability in the decrease in seaice in the Sea of Okhotsk.
The A. reviews various prescriptions and parameterizations for snow and ice albedo which have been employed in sea-ice model simulations. Sea-ice albedo is also briefly discussed in terms of its interactions with ice thickness and atmospheric
conditions (radiation balance, clouds) in modelled atmospheres. Some recommendations for improving sea-ice albedo representation in numerical models are proposed.
The East Antarctic sea-ice zone : ice characteristics and drift
In this paper seaice interactions with atmosphere and ocean are illustrated by a summary of results from process studies over land-fast ice near Mawson, Antarctica. New data are then presented on the drift and characteristics (particularly ice type
and ice thickness) of the pack ice in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean.
This is a pioneer work to carry out a detailed study of seaice pressure ridges in the Baltic Sea. The results are based on field measurements. They include measurements of such as the inside structure of ridges and the orientation of ice blocks
in the ridges sails. The aim of this paper is to serve as a basic information about the structure, morphology and distribution of the pressure ridges in the Baltic Sea. The results are compared with the information about the ridges in the Arctic Seas.
On the value of long-term satellite passive microwave data sets for sea-ice/climate studies
With passive microwave data, global seaice distributions can be mapped on a routine basis every few days, to a spatial resolution on the order of 30 km. The seaice records generated so far from such satellite data have already been used, helping
to quantify global seaice distributions and their seasonal and interannual variations, and to illuminate possible ice/ocean and ice/atmosphere interactions.
Hypertemporal analysis of remotely sensed sea-ice data for climate change studies
Air temperature ; Arctic Region ; Climatic variation ; Remote sensing ; Research technique ; Satellite imagery ; Seaice ; Temperature
Climatologists have speculated that a spatially coherent pattern of high-latitude temperature trends could be an early indicator of climatic change. The sensitivity of seaice to the temperature of the overlying air suggests the possibility
that trends in Artic ice conditions may be useful proxy indicators of general climatic changes. In particular, analyses of passive microwave imagery can provide us with daily information on sea-ice extent, type, concentration, dynamics and melt onset.
Implications of the radiocarbon timescale for ice-sheet chronology and sea-level change
C14 dating ; Deglaciation ; Geochronology ; Glaciation ; Global change ; Ice sheet;Ice cap;Inlandsis ; Isostasy ; Model ; Palaeo-environment ; Quaternary ; Sea level
A new extended radiocarbon calibration curve has allowed a reexamination of relative sea-level data based on pre-Holocene dates. At sites locates far from any Late Pleistocene ice sheet, the effect of employing this new calibration curve
is that the calibrated data now agnee with the corresponding relative sea-level curve predicted by the ICE-3G deglaciation model.
This article reviews current knowledge of the principal sea-ice and lake-ice phenomena affecting shore-zone morphology and stability. The AA. emphasize insights developed over the past 100 years or so in Canada and contiguous coastal regions
of the USA, in particular those most relevant to research and engineering practice in Canada. This article builds on a number of recent reviews of coastal ice phenomena, from 1980 to 1992, but this review is necessarily selective.
Arctic sea-ice characteristics and associated atmosphere Ice interactions in summer inferred from SMMR data and drifting buoys : 1979-1984
SMMR-derived seaice concentrations for November 1978-October 1984 in the Canada Basin are examined to determine temporal and spatial scales of variability in ice concentration and extent. Large regions of reduced-concentration ice are observed
. Comparison with buoy-measured surface pressure and winds suggests that reduced ice concentrations are associated with regions of strong winds and divergence beneath low pressure systems.
During the Last Glacial Maximum, a coalescent ice mass consisting of the grounded Ross Seaice sheet and an expanded Wilson Piedmont Glacier covered the southern Scott Coast. Based on marine deposits, features of marine erosion, radiocarbon dates
of raised beaches, marine shells, lacustrine algae, most recession of grounded ice in Ross Sea Embayment occurred in mid to late Holocene time, after deglacial sea-level rise due to melting of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets essentially was accomplished
. Rising sea level alone could not have driven grounding-line retreat back to the present-day Siple Coast.
Quantitative reconstructions of the last glaciation of the Barents Sea : a review of ice-sheet modelling problems
Arctic Ocean ; Arctic Region ; Barents Sea ; C 14 dating ; Deglaciation ; Geochronology ; Glaciation ; Ice sheet ; Model ; Palaeo-environment ; Quaternary ; Sea level
explicitly what is not known, about the Late Weichselian Barents Seaice sheet.
This article provides a review of reconstructions of the last Barents ice mass, and compares these models with geological and palaeoceanographic information from the area in order to provide a summary of what is presently known, and to indicate
The role of Antarctic seaice in global climate change
Antarctica ; Climate oscillation ; Cyclone ; Global change ; Model ; Observation network ; Ocean atmosphere interaction ; Polar region ; Seaice ; Seasonality ; Topography
A critical view is presented of the current state of research concerning Antarctic sea-ice/atmosphere/ocean interaction and its effect on climate on the interannual timescale, with particular regard to anthropogenic global warming. Sea-ice formation
, morphology, thickness, extent, seasonality and distribution are introduced as vital factors in climatic feedbacks. Sea-ice/atmosphere interaction is next discussed, emphasizing its meteorological and topographical influences and the effects of and on polar
cyclonic activity. A brief review of several possible climatic forcing factors is presented, which most highly rates a postulated ENSO-Antarctic sea-ice link.
Numerical modeling of the late Weichselian Svalbard-Barents Seaice sheet
Arctic Region ; Barents Sea ; Climatic variation ; Geochronology ; Glaciology ; Ice sheet ; Isostasy ; Model ; Numerical model ; Quaternary ; Svalbard
This paper uses a time-dependent glaciological model to produce numerical reconstructions of the late Weichselian Svalbard-Barents SeaIce Sheet, taking account of recent geological, biological, and chronostratigraphic evidence of climatic change
for this region during the later Weichselian. This standard reconstruction is compared to several independent geological datasets, including the paleoceanographic record from adjacent Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the records of isostatic movement and dated
sedimentary facies within Svalbard and the Barents Sea.
This paper discusses a technique for mapping the area coverage of seaice regardless of a cloud cover. Data from the AVHRR sensor of the NOAA-9 satellite were recorded on 22 May 1988.
Response of magnitude of δ O18 in shallow ice core of Dasuopu Glacier in the Tibetan Plateau to large scale sea-air interaction
Asia ; Atmospheric circulation ; Glaciology ; Ice core ; Ocean atmosphere interaction ; Oxygen 18 ; Surface temperature ; Tibet
This study tries to reveal the response of the δ O18 in ice core to large scale sea-air interaction according to the analyses on the relationships of actual δ O18 in the shallow ice core of Dasuopu Glacier with the global Sea Surface Temperature
Continental ice sheets and the planetary radiation budget
this interaction in a quantitative way. Experiments in which the ice-sheet model is coupled step by step to the climate model show that ice sheets hardly affect the zonal mean radiation balance because the albedo feedback due to seaice and snow cover is dominating
The interaction between continental ice sheets and the planetary radiation budget is potentially important in climate-sensitivity studies. A simple ice-sheet model incorporated in an energy-balance climate model provides a tool for studying
. The model requires a 5% drop in the solar constant to create ice sheets of ice-age size. If the feedback between surface elevation and ice-mass balance is included (in very crude way), the ice-sheet size (L, mesured southward from 70N) becomes much more
sensitive to insolation. For a range of normalized solar constants, roughly from 0.98 to 1.02, two stable solutions exist: L0 and L2000 km. This result demonstrates that the response of ice sheets to insolation variations is far from linear. It also stresses
the need for explicit modeling of the ice-mass balance of ice sheets, particularly its dependence on surface elevation.
Anchor ice ; Antarctica ; Arctic Region ; Frazil ice ; Ice ; Ice cover ; Polar region ; Seaice
This paper reviews the current understanding of anchor ice formation in polar marine environments. Supercooled water is a necessity for anchor ice to form and frazil adhesion is the most likely common mechanism for initial anchor ice growth. Strong
biological zonation has led some authors to suggest that anchor ice does not form to depths of greater than 33 m, yet in Antarctica there appear to be no physical reasons for such a limit given the production of supercooled water to substantial depths
associated with ice shelves. Future work should focus on the potential extent of anchor ice production and identify the key oceanographic, glaciological and meteorological conditions conducive to its formation.